498 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



mid-November. 1902: earliest October 10th. 1903: earliest 

 November 1st, some still hatching (December 23rd), but not 

 under natural conditions, as I only put them out-of-doors in the 

 daytime when the sun is shining. I have noticed in breeding 

 D. nerii that the females are somewhat more numerous than the 

 males. Never have I known the excess so marked as this 

 year, when, from a total of 73 pupae, I obtained 23 males and 

 50 females (Powell). 



Manduca atropos, Linne (Vol. iv., p. 396). 



[Page 399.] Variation. — Burrows has sent for publication in the 

 Ent. Record, detailed notes on various forms of this species. He mentions : 

 (1) The type — A ? specimen bred at Rainham, 1896, almost without 

 markings except for the discoidal spot (which is quite tiny), and some 

 short whitish streaks from the inner margin (four on the left forewing 

 and two on the right). The specimen is not quite fully scaled 

 towards the tips ot the forevvings and a small aneurism occurred 

 towards the extremity of the right forewing. (2) A 2 , exhibiting 

 phaeism, the whole of the insect being entirely suffused; the fore- 

 wings (with rather more extensive pale markings than usual) being 

 suffused, the hindwings and abdomen also suffused but without 

 hiding altogether the yellow, the pale markings of the thorax also 

 darkened. Bred by Clark from a Cambridgeshire pupa, October 

 15th, i892=ab. suffusa, n. ab. (3) A $, bred by Brooks, the 

 upperwings much more suffused with yellow and white than usual, 

 the dark coloration being reduced until it forms two narrow transverse 

 bands which continue the bands on the hindwings; the white scales 

 are extraordinarily increased, covering the whole of the forew T ings, 

 thorax and abdomen, so that, looked at sideways, it appears to be 

 perfectly white. In this particular specimen also the blackened 

 nervures of the hindwings are continued to the base. This is evidently 

 a more detailed description of our type of ab. variegata (anted p. 

 403) made from a specimen exhibited at the South London Ento- 

 mological Society, November 8th, 1900, and shortly described (Proc. 

 Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc, 1900, p. 104), and illustrated by the middle 

 figure of our pi. ii. It was bred from a pupa that was found at 

 Long Sutton, Lincolnshire. (4) A fine large $ quite pale and faded- 

 looking, yet perfectly scaled and in good condition. Clark coll. (5) A 

 $ of the ab. imperfecta is in the Burrows coll. Brooks, Clark and 

 Burrows have also each a specimen with the line all but obliterated 

 on the left hindwing only, the right in each case being normal. (6) 

 A 2 , the inner band on the left hindwing ending towards abdomen 

 in a large black blotch, extending and enlarging towards the base 

 of wing, and also extending but narrowing across the yellow space 

 through the outer band, and into the fringe. Clark coll. (7) An 

 example, the left forewing being divided from near the centre of 

 costa to within one-third of the base on the inner margin, the basal 

 portion being quite normal, but the outer and larger area yellow. 

 Brooks coll. 



[Page 404.] Teratological examples. — The following descrip- 

 tions have recently been submitted to me by Mr. Burrows (in lift.) : 



5. The left hindwing with two jagged holes (as though it had been eaten on 



