SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS OF VOLS. I TO IV. 



VOL. I. 



Ch. i. Origin of Lepidoptera. 



Relation between Trichoptera aud Micropteryx (Eriocrania), Eriocephala 

 (Micropteryx), and Ilepialus, I. Relation of lepidopterous pupa to other 

 orders, 2. Neuropteroid characters in lepidopterous imagines. — Neuration 

 compared with Trichoptera, &c, 3. Chapman's theories of origin as shown 

 by pupa, 5. Kellogg on affinities of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, 6. 

 Meyrick on ditto, 7. 



Ch. ii. The Ovum or Egg. 



Forms of lepidopterous ova. — Description of egg, 6. " Upright " evolved 

 from "flat" egg. — ''Base" of egg. — Comparison of various eggs, 7. 

 Colour-changes in egg, 10. Varied ornamentation, 11. Number of eggs. — 

 Position in which various eggs are laid, 12. Destruction of eggs. — Duration of 

 egg state, 14. Condition during hybernation. Influence of temperature, 

 15. Sex in ova. 17. 



Ch. iii. Embryology of a Lepidopterous Insect. 



Importance of embryology in studying phylogeny. 17. Lenses required for 

 observation. — Methods of killing ova. — Gradual development of embryo, 

 18. Movements of larva in ovum, 20. Sudden appearance of tracheae. — 

 Pulsations of dorsal vessel, 21. Origin of cenocytes and fat-body. — 

 Additional prolegs in certain embryos.— Origin of organs of reproduction, 22. 



Ch. iv. Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis in Lepidoptera. 



First changes in ovum probably independent of fertilization. — Partheno- 

 genesis an occasional extension of this, 23. Parthenogenesis in Crustacea — in 

 aphides. — Paucity of scientific experiments, 24. Jourdan's experiments with 

 Bombyx mori. — Essay of von Siebold. — Albrecht of Hildesheim (1701), 

 25. Experiments on Solenobia— on Bombvx mori, 26. Newman's list (1856). 

 ■ — Unsatisfactory evidence. — Tardy's experiments on Lasiocampa quercus, 27. 

 Eaton's on Orgyia antiqua. — Summary of records, 28. Suggested explanation of 

 phenomenon, 29. Helotoky in Psychidae. — Difference in phenomenon 

 between Psychids and other Lepidoptera, 30. 



Ch. v. The External Structure of the Lepidopterous Larva. 



The larva on escaping from the egg, 30. General description of larva, 31. 

 Larvae generalized and specialized. — List of most generalized larvae. — 

 Description of the head, 32 ; of the thorax and abdomen; the spiracles, 34 ; 

 the tracheae; the legs; the prolegs, 35; the hooks of the prolegs, 36. 

 Geometrid form of prolegs ; rudimentary legs of Lagoa crispata ; obsolete 

 legs of Cochliopodids, 37. Hairy pile on larvae, 38. Chitinous shield on thorax, 

 39. Structure and homologies of anal segment, 40. Food of ancestral 

 lepidopterous larvae. — Specialization in relation to feeding - habits. 41. 

 Metamorphoses acquired rather than primitive.- Brauer's division of larvae, 

 42. Possible forms of primitive larvae. — Packard's view. — Author's view. — 

 Meldola's chlorophyll theory of colouring. — Poulton's later experiments on 

 colour, 43. Primitive ornamentation. — Lines. - Names of usual longitudinal 

 lines. — Markings, &c, protective, 44. Possible structural effects of change 

 from herbaceous to arboreal feeding, 45. Tubercles bearing setae. Arrange- 

 ments of setiferous tubercles generalized and specialized. — Dyar's nomenclature. 

 — Their position, 46, their modification-, 47. Dyar's tables of modifications, 

 48. Development of specialized armature, 49; sometimes gradual. 50; to 

 different extents in the ovum. — Glandular setae. — Anal comb. — Effect of 

 gravity on posi i'oms of larvae, 51. Evolution of Geometrid form, 52. Ocelli 

 of larvae, 53. 1' wer of hearing, 54. 



Ch. vi. The Internal Structure of the Lepidopterous Larva. 



Muscular system voluntary and involuntary, 55. Digestive system. — The 

 dorsal vessel and circulatory system, 56, The fat -body. Respiratory system, 

 57. Malpighian tubes. — Nervous system, 58. Organs of reproduction, 59. 



