﻿HYBEIDISATION 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  21 
  

  

  he 
  mentions 
  (op. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  63) 
  as 
  being 
  one 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  $ 
  hybrids 
  

   predominated 
  over 
  the 
  females. 
  

  

  3. 
  Notodonta 
  hybr. 
  newmani 
  (ziczac 
  $ 
  X 
  dromedarius 
  2 
  ). 
  — 
  In 
  early 
  

   June, 
  1904, 
  Newman 
  was 
  successful 
  in 
  obtaining 
  a 
  pairing 
  between 
  Noto- 
  

   donta 
  ziczac 
  $ 
  x 
  dromedarius 
  2 
  • 
  The 
  2 
  laid 
  some 
  250 
  eggs, 
  all 
  of 
  

   which 
  were 
  fertile, 
  but 
  comparatively 
  few 
  hatched 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  sleeved 
  

   on 
  birch, 
  but 
  the 
  mortality 
  was 
  great 
  ; 
  pupation 
  took 
  place 
  in 
  due 
  course, 
  

   imagines 
  appearing 
  from 
  August 
  lst-31st, 
  16 
  2 
  s 
  in 
  all; 
  some 
  pupae 
  then 
  

   alive 
  and 
  going 
  over 
  winter. 
  Attempts 
  to 
  pair 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  $ 
  s 
  with 
  

   $ 
  N. 
  ziczac 
  and 
  N. 
  dromedarius 
  failed. 
  We 
  examined 
  two 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  this 
  

   cross 
  and 
  noted 
  that 
  the 
  hybrids 
  were 
  larger 
  than 
  either 
  parent 
  (of 
  

   which 
  the 
  $ 
  (ziczac) 
  was 
  a 
  pale 
  form 
  and 
  the 
  5 
  (dromedarius) 
  of 
  the 
  

   dark 
  northern 
  race). 
  The 
  hybrids 
  exhibited 
  the 
  dark 
  ground 
  colour 
  of 
  

   dromedarius, 
  but 
  had 
  a 
  rather 
  reddish 
  tint, 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  feature 
  

   of 
  the 
  specimens, 
  however, 
  being 
  the 
  combination 
  of 
  the 
  markings 
  of 
  

   dromedarius 
  and 
  ziczac, 
  the 
  apical 
  mark 
  of 
  ziczac 
  being 
  exhibited, 
  

   modified, 
  however, 
  most 
  towards 
  the 
  costa, 
  where 
  the 
  transverse 
  lines 
  

   of 
  dromedarius 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  become 
  visible 
  as 
  costal 
  streaks 
  ; 
  the 
  

   angular 
  extension 
  is 
  also 
  well-marked. 
  The 
  hindwings 
  are 
  dark, 
  like 
  

   those 
  of 
  dromedarius. 
  The 
  pupae 
  that 
  went 
  over 
  the 
  winter 
  emerged 
  

   in 
  1905, 
  in 
  three 
  separate 
  instalments, 
  some 
  in 
  April, 
  others 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  

   of 
  May, 
  and 
  yet 
  others 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  early 
  July, 
  whilst, 
  at 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  August, 
  two 
  pupae 
  were 
  still 
  alive. 
  All 
  the 
  1905 
  emergences 
  

   were 
  <y 
  s, 
  and 
  their 
  number 
  exceeded 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  2 
  s 
  by 
  two. 
  

  

  Clostera 
  hybrids. 
  — 
  In 
  1873, 
  Bond 
  exhibited 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  May., 
  x., 
  

   p. 
  184) 
  hybrid 
  Clostera 
  curtula 
  X 
  pigra 
  (reclusa), 
  which 
  are 
  noted 
  as 
  

   partaking 
  of 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  both 
  parents. 
  In 
  1897, 
  Standfuss 
  also 
  

   obtained 
  fertile 
  crossings 
  between 
  (1) 
  C. 
  curtula 
  $ 
  x 
  pigra 
  2 
  and 
  

   reared 
  the 
  offspring 
  ( 
  = 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  prima), 
  also 
  of 
  (2) 
  C. 
  curtula 
  

   $ 
  X 
  anachoreta 
  2 
  (=C. 
  hybr. 
  raeschheij. 
  These 
  were 
  followed 
  up 
  

   by 
  successful 
  pairings 
  between 
  (3) 
  C. 
  pigra 
  $ 
  x 
  curtula 
  2, 
  which 
  

   resulted 
  in 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  imagines 
  (C. 
  hybr. 
  inversa) 
  in 
  due 
  

   course, 
  as 
  did 
  also 
  the 
  crossing 
  of 
  (4) 
  0. 
  anachoreta 
  $ 
  x 
  curtula 
  

   2 
  ( 
  = 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  difjicilis). 
  The 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  2 
  s 
  of 
  G. 
  hybr. 
  inversa 
  were 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  fertile 
  inter 
  se, 
  as 
  were 
  also 
  the 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  2 
  s 
  of 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  

   prima. 
  The 
  $ 
  of 
  (5) 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  raeschkei 
  was 
  paired 
  successfully 
  with 
  

   a 
  2 
  0- 
  anachoreta, 
  and 
  imagines 
  were 
  reared 
  (C. 
  hybr. 
  facilis) 
  ; 
  whilst 
  

   a 
  male 
  of 
  (6) 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  difficilis 
  paired 
  successfully 
  with 
  2 
  C. 
  curtula 
  

   and 
  produced 
  imagines 
  (G\ 
  hybr. 
  similis). 
  Males 
  of 
  (7) 
  C. 
  hybr. 
  facilis 
  

   were 
  again 
  crossed 
  with 
  anachoreta 
  2 
  , 
  but 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  not 
  followed 
  

   up, 
  although, 
  in 
  1898, 
  from 
  another 
  cross 
  of 
  this 
  parentage, 
  imagines 
  

   were 
  obtained 
  in 
  due 
  course 
  ( 
  — 
  0. 
  hybr. 
  appro.cimata). 
  In 
  the 
  

   spring 
  of 
  1899, 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  C. 
  curtula 
  were 
  crossed 
  with 
  $s 
  o( 
  similis, 
  

   the 
  latter 
  laying 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  fertile 
  eggs 
  which, 
  however, 
  do 
  not 
  

   appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  successfully 
  reaching 
  the 
  imaginal 
  stage. 
  

   The 
  following 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  chief 
  points 
  relating 
  to 
  these 
  hybrids 
  : 
  - 
  

  

  1. 
  Clostera 
  hybr. 
  prima 
  (curtula 
  $ 
  x 
  pigra 
  ? 
  ). 
  — 
  In 
  L897, 
  

   parents 
  crossed 
  readily," 
  eggs 
  fertile, 
  larvae 
  fed 
  up 
  rapidly, 
  ] 
  produced 
  

  

  * 
  Newman 
  states 
  (Ent. 
  lice, 
  xii., 
  p. 
  296) 
  that, 
  in 
  his 
  experience, 
  the 
  crossing 
  

   of 
  C. 
  pigra 
  J 
  X 
  curtula 
  ? 
  is 
  an 
  easier 
  crossing 
  to 
  obtain 
  than 
  (\ 
  curtula 
  $ 
  \ 
  

   pigra 
  ? 
  , 
  but 
  that 
  the 
  latter 
  lavs 
  its 
  eggs 
  more 
  freely. 
  

  

  f 
  Newman 
  notes 
  ( 
  F.nt. 
  Hcc. 
  \ii.. 
  p. 
  296) 
  that, 
  whilst 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  C. 
  pigra 
  & 
  

   X 
  curtula 
  ? 
  feed 
  up 
  very 
  quickly, 
  as 
  do 
  the 
  Larva 
  of 
  C. 
  curtula. 
  those 
  of 
  ('. 
  curtula 
  

   cT 
  x 
  pitjra 
  ? 
  feed 
  up 
  very 
  slowly, 
  thus 
  following 
  the 
  larva' 
  of 
  C. 
  pigra. 
  

  

  