﻿22 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  S 
  s 
  and 
  2 
  s 
  with 
  normal 
  genital 
  organs 
  [figured 
  Entom., 
  1900, 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  

   figs. 
  11( 
  2 
  ), 
  12(<? 
  )] 
  , 
  and 
  nearer 
  C. 
  pigra 
  than 
  C. 
  curtula. 
  The 
  $ 
  larvae, 
  

   however, 
  developed 
  much 
  faster 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  2 
  s, 
  and 
  J 
  imagines 
  

   appeared 
  earlier; 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  bring 
  about 
  a 
  pairing, 
  $ 
  s 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  

   cool 
  cellar, 
  where 
  they 
  became 
  lethargic 
  and 
  were 
  then 
  brought 
  into 
  

   ordinary 
  temperature 
  when 
  2 
  s 
  emerged. 
  Five 
  pairings 
  were 
  thus 
  

   obtained, 
  and 
  the 
  2 
  s 
  laid 
  respectively 
  85, 
  108, 
  112, 
  121, 
  and 
  154 
  

   eggs 
  ; 
  larvae 
  developed 
  in 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  but 
  only 
  5, 
  12 
  and 
  17 
  larvae 
  

   hatched 
  (from 
  the 
  2nd, 
  4th 
  and 
  5th 
  batches 
  respectively). 
  Larvae 
  fed 
  

   up 
  well 
  for 
  a 
  time, 
  sleeved 
  out 
  on 
  willow, 
  but, 
  being 
  neglected, 
  died. 
  

   In 
  1898, 
  0. 
  hybr. 
  prima 
  was 
  again 
  bred 
  and 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  the 
  hybrids 
  

   paired, 
  but 
  the 
  larvae 
  died 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  good 
  weather 
  and 
  food, 
  being 
  

   apparently 
  wanting 
  in 
  energy. 
  

  

  2. 
  Clostera 
  hybr. 
  inversa 
  (pigra 
  J 
  x 
  curtula 
  2 
  ). 
  — 
  This 
  reciprocal 
  

   cross 
  to 
  prima 
  was 
  obtained 
  in 
  1898. 
  J 
  s 
  and 
  2 
  s 
  both 
  emerged 
  and 
  are 
  

   figured 
  [Entom. 
  , 
  1900, 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  figs. 
  9( 
  2 
  )» 
  10(J 
  )] 
  , 
  the 
  males 
  emerged 
  

   rather 
  earlier 
  than 
  females, 
  but 
  not 
  so 
  much 
  earlier 
  as 
  was 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  

   C. 
  hybr. 
  prima. 
  It 
  was 
  possible, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  obtain 
  numerous 
  in- 
  

   breedings 
  of 
  inversa 
  without 
  resorting 
  to 
  artificial 
  means 
  ; 
  but, 
  although 
  

   plenty 
  of 
  fertile 
  ova 
  resulted 
  and 
  the 
  larva? 
  appeared 
  in 
  due 
  course, 
  

   they 
  died 
  soon 
  after 
  leaving 
  the 
  egg. 
  This 
  hybrid 
  varies, 
  sometimes 
  

   being 
  nearer 
  pigra 
  than 
  curtula 
  (Standfuss), 
  at 
  other 
  times 
  hardly 
  

   different 
  from 
  purely-bred 
  curtula 
  (Fletcher). 
  

  

  3. 
  Clostera 
  hybr. 
  raeschkei 
  (curtula 
  $ 
  x 
  anachoreta 
  2 
  )• 
  — 
  This 
  

   cross 
  was 
  obtained 
  in 
  1897, 
  and 
  the 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  fed 
  up 
  

   very 
  rapidly, 
  pupated 
  about 
  mid- 
  June, 
  and 
  produced 
  imagines 
  before 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  month 
  — 
  all 
  $ 
  s 
  (figured 
  Entom., 
  1900, 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  fig. 
  14). 
  

   The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  developed 
  very 
  slowly, 
  were 
  different 
  in 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  from 
  the 
  rapidly 
  feeding 
  ones, 
  being 
  much 
  nearer 
  pure 
  curtula 
  larvae 
  

   (with 
  fewer 
  traces 
  of 
  anachoreta 
  origin) 
  ; 
  they 
  fed 
  slowly 
  through 
  

   August, 
  became 
  very 
  large 
  (larger 
  than 
  big 
  fullgrown 
  anachoreta 
  larvae), 
  

   one 
  pupating 
  on 
  the 
  21st 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  on 
  the 
  23rd 
  ; 
  the 
  others 
  died 
  

   later 
  ; 
  the 
  two 
  pupae 
  produced 
  imagines, 
  probably 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   September, 
  but 
  were 
  not 
  discovered 
  until 
  the 
  commencement 
  of 
  October 
  

   when 
  they 
  were 
  still 
  alive, 
  but 
  knocked 
  to 
  pieces 
  ; 
  they 
  had 
  distributed 
  

   in 
  the 
  breeding-cage 
  masses 
  of 
  eggs, 
  which 
  seemed 
  to 
  be 
  normally 
  

   constructed 
  (but 
  which, 
  of 
  course, 
  had, 
  unfortunately, 
  not 
  been 
  

   fertilised). 
  In 
  1898, 
  two 
  more 
  female 
  larva? 
  pupated, 
  one 
  emerged 
  in 
  

   October 
  and 
  is 
  figured 
  (Entom., 
  1900, 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  fig. 
  13) 
  to 
  show 
  its 
  

   immense 
  size 
  ; 
  the 
  other 
  pupa 
  died 
  during 
  the 
  winter. 
  This 
  $ 
  was 
  

   not 
  so 
  near 
  curtula 
  as 
  the 
  two 
  bred 
  in 
  1897 
  ; 
  pairing 
  was 
  not 
  attempted. 
  

  

  4. 
  Clostera 
  hybr. 
  difficilis 
  (anachoieta 
  $ 
  x 
  curtula 
  2 
  )• 
  — 
  This 
  cross 
  

   is 
  difficult 
  to 
  obtain. 
  In 
  1898, 
  6 
  pairings 
  obtained, 
  each 
  2 
  laid 
  from 
  

   150 
  to 
  200 
  eggs, 
  yet 
  only 
  70 
  larvae 
  were 
  obtained 
  and 
  only 
  27 
  imagines 
  

   bred. 
  Two 
  only 
  of 
  these 
  were 
  $ 
  s, 
  both 
  small, 
  and 
  their 
  ovaries 
  could 
  

   have 
  contained 
  but 
  few 
  eggs 
  (one 
  2 
  is 
  figured, 
  Entom., 
  1900, 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  

   fig. 
  15, 
  and 
  a 
  $ 
  fig. 
  16) 
  ; 
  3(or 
  4) 
  individuals 
  presented 
  gynandromorphic 
  

   characters 
  ; 
  the 
  other 
  21 
  were 
  normal 
  $ 
  s. 
  

  

  5. 
  Clostera 
  hybr. 
  facilis 
  (raeschkei 
  $ 
  x 
  anachoreta 
  2 
  )• 
  — 
  The 
  J 
  

   raeschkei 
  that 
  emerged 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  1897, 
  crossed 
  back 
  readily 
  

   with 
  anachoreta 
  2 
  s, 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatching 
  quickly, 
  and, 
  by 
  the 
  beginning 
  

   of 
  August 
  (i.e., 
  in 
  only 
  about 
  4 
  weeks 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  2 
  raeschkei 
  larvae 
  

   were 
  nearly 
  f 
  ullf 
  ed) 
  produced 
  another 
  generation 
  of 
  imagines, 
  but 
  all 
  $ 
  s, 
  

   the 
  female 
  pupae 
  going 
  on 
  to 
  hybernation, 
  the 
  2 
  imagines 
  emerging 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  