﻿HYBRIDISATION 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  27 
  

  

  figs. 
  6-7 
  ; 
  and 
  risii, 
  pi. 
  iv., 
  figs. 
  1-3, 
  the 
  former 
  being 
  three 
  parts 
  

   pavonia 
  and 
  one 
  part 
  pyri, 
  the 
  latter 
  one 
  part 
  pavonia 
  and 
  three 
  parts 
  

   pyri. 
  This 
  year 
  also 
  he 
  crossed 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  bornemanni 
  $ 
  with 
  pavonia 
  2 
  , 
  

   but 
  the 
  larvae 
  all 
  died 
  of 
  an 
  infectious 
  disease 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  stadium. 
  

   The 
  greatest 
  surprise 
  of 
  1893 
  was, 
  however, 
  the 
  pairing 
  of 
  S. 
  pavonia 
  

   $ 
  with 
  Graellsia 
  isabellae 
  2 
  ; 
  of 
  this 
  cross 
  98 
  eggs 
  were 
  obtained, 
  and 
  

   seven 
  larvae 
  hatched. 
  These 
  Standfuss 
  reared 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  second 
  

   moult, 
  when 
  they 
  died 
  (a 
  figure 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  is 
  given 
  op. 
  cit., 
  pi. 
  iii., 
  

   fig. 
  6). 
  Hermann, 
  at 
  Heinrichau, 
  also 
  paired 
  a 
  $ 
  Dimorpha 
  versi- 
  

   color 
  with 
  a 
  2 
  At/laia 
  tan, 
  and 
  a 
  $ 
  Aglaia 
  tan 
  with 
  a 
  2 
  Saturnia 
  

   pavonia, 
  but 
  the 
  eggs 
  laid 
  were 
  infertile. 
  In 
  April, 
  1894, 
  Standfuss 
  

   obtained 
  six 
  pairings 
  of 
  A. 
  tan 
  $ 
  x 
  Saturnia 
  pavonia 
  2 
  and 
  

   seven 
  pairings 
  of 
  the 
  reciprocal 
  cross, 
  S, 
  pavonia 
  $ 
  x 
  A. 
  tan 
  2 
  ; 
  from 
  

   the 
  first 
  lot 
  of 
  pairings 
  800 
  eggs 
  were 
  obtained, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  second 
  

   500 
  eggs 
  ; 
  yet, 
  although 
  they 
  were 
  laid 
  quite 
  normally, 
  not 
  a 
  single 
  

   larva 
  hatched. 
  In 
  1895, 
  Standfuss 
  reports 
  nine 
  apparently 
  normal 
  

   pairings 
  between 
  S. 
  pavonia 
  $ 
  and 
  Actias 
  luna 
  2 
  > 
  and 
  over 
  1000 
  eggs 
  

   were 
  laid, 
  but 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  hatched. 
  

  

  During 
  1896 
  and 
  1897, 
  Standfuss 
  carried 
  further 
  his 
  crossings 
  

   with 
  the 
  Saturniid 
  hybrids. 
  Having 
  already 
  obtained 
  the 
  primary 
  

   hybrids 
  — 
  8. 
  hybr. 
  bornemanni 
  (pavonia 
  $ 
  x 
  spini 
  2 
  ), 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  

   emiliae 
  (pavonia 
  $ 
  x 
  pyri 
  2 
  ) 
  — 
  and 
  found 
  the 
  males 
  of 
  both 
  hybrids 
  

   fertile 
  with 
  the 
  original 
  parents 
  ; 
  he 
  obtained 
  the 
  secondary 
  

   hybrids 
  — 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  schaufussi 
  (bornemanni 
  $ 
  x 
  pavonia 
  $ 
  ), 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  

   dixeyi 
  (bornemanni 
  $ 
  x 
  spini 
  $ 
  ), 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  stand 
  fussi 
  (emiliae 
  

   $ 
  X 
  pavonia 
  2 
  ), 
  and 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  risii 
  (emiliae 
  $ 
  x 
  pyri 
  J 
  ). 
  He 
  

   then 
  carried 
  his 
  experiments 
  further, 
  obtaining 
  the 
  hybrid 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  

   comple.va 
  (stand 
  fussi 
  $ 
  x 
  pavonia 
  2 
  ), 
  and 
  a 
  remarkable 
  tertiary 
  

   hybrid, 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  schlumbergeri 
  (bornemanni 
  $ 
  x 
  pyri 
  2 
  ), 
  i.e., 
  a 
  

   combination 
  of 
  pavonia, 
  spini 
  and 
  pyri. 
  Two 
  other 
  hybrids 
  

   were 
  reared 
  to 
  the 
  larval 
  stage, 
  viz., 
  pavonia 
  $ 
  x 
  schaufussi 
  2 
  , 
  

   schaufussi 
  $ 
  x 
  pavonia 
  2 
  , 
  whilst 
  a 
  quaternary 
  hybrid 
  reached 
  the 
  

   larval 
  stage, 
  viz., 
  bornemanni 
  $ 
  x 
  schaufussi 
  2 
  > 
  thus 
  proving 
  S. 
  hybr. 
  

   schaufussi 
  2 
  to 
  be 
  fertile. 
  This 
  proof 
  he 
  carried 
  still 
  further 
  by 
  

   pairing 
  a 
  $ 
  schaufussi 
  with 
  a 
  2 
  schaufussi, 
  from 
  which 
  he 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  $ 
  imagines, 
  a 
  full 
  account 
  of 
  which 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  given 
  

   (antea, 
  iii., 
  p. 
  298). 
  

  

  Lachneides*.— 
  Of 
  the 
  Lachneids, 
  Standfuss 
  obtained 
  pairings 
  

   between 
  Malacosoma 
  franconica 
  $ 
  and 
  M. 
  castrensis 
  2 
  > 
  between 
  M. 
  cas~ 
  

   trensis 
  $ 
  and 
  M. 
  franconica 
  2 
  , 
  between 
  M. 
  neustria 
  $ 
  and 
  M. 
  frauconica 
  

   2, 
  between 
  M. 
  nemtria 
  $ 
  and 
  M. 
  castrensis 
  2 
  {Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Zeitg., 
  

   1884, 
  pp. 
  193-199). 
  The 
  experiments 
  were 
  detailed 
  later 
  (/ 
  landbuck, 
  

   &c.,pp. 
  62-63), 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  only 
  the 
  crossing 
  M. 
  castrensis 
  

   $ 
  X 
  franconica 
  2 
  produced 
  no 
  imagines. 
  The 
  others 
  he 
  described 
  

   and 
  named 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  1. 
  Malacosoma 
  hybr. 
  carad.t.e, 
  Stdfss. 
  (neustria 
  A 
  X 
  franconica 
  ? 
  ) 
  

   12 
  $ 
  s 
  bred, 
  no 
  2 
  • 
  These 
  resemble 
  M. 
  franconica 
  more 
  in 
  contrast 
  of 
  

   colour 
  of 
  wings 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  thorax 
  and 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  resemble 
  M. 
  

   neustria 
  more 
  in 
  distinct 
  yellow 
  border 
  of 
  central 
  hand 
  of 
  forewings 
  

   and 
  dark 
  fringes 
  on 
  nervures 
  iii 
  and 
  iv 
  of 
  hindwings. 
  

  

  2. 
  Malacosoma 
  hybr. 
  schaufussi, 
  Stdfss. 
  (neustria 
  $ 
  \ 
  castrensis 
  

  

  * 
  For 
  full 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  Lachneid 
  hybrids 
  sec 
  anted, 
  vol. 
  ii.. 
  pp. 
  524 
  

  

  