﻿30 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  varied 
  much, 
  some 
  being 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  Z. 
  linearia, 
  others 
  

   like 
  that 
  of 
  Z. 
  orbicularis, 
  others 
  intermediate. 
  They 
  all 
  pupated, 
  but 
  

   only 
  one 
  imago 
  appeared 
  — 
  a 
  specimen 
  much 
  more 
  like 
  Z. 
  porata 
  or 
  

   Z. 
  punctaria 
  than 
  either 
  of 
  its 
  parents 
  (Ent. 
  Wk. 
  Int., 
  viii., 
  p. 
  47). 
  

  

  2. 
  Amphidasys 
  hybr. 
  herefordi 
  (strataria 
  $ 
  x 
  doubledayaria 
  2 
  )• 
  — 
  

   In 
  1890, 
  Chapman 
  forced 
  pupae 
  of 
  Amphidasys 
  betularia 
  in 
  order 
  

   to 
  pair 
  the 
  imagines 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  A. 
  strataria 
  and 
  succeeded 
  

   in 
  obtaining 
  a 
  pairing, 
  a 
  $ 
  A. 
  strataria 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  black 
  £ 
  

   A. 
  betularia. 
  Many 
  fertile 
  eggs 
  were 
  laid, 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatched 
  

   and 
  fed 
  up 
  well, 
  some 
  half-dozen 
  missing 
  a 
  moult, 
  not 
  feeding 
  died 
  

   without 
  being 
  up 
  to 
  full-size, 
  and 
  assuming 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  earlier 
  than 
  

   the 
  others. 
  All 
  the 
  imagines 
  from 
  these 
  emerged 
  in 
  autumn 
  or 
  winter 
  

   and 
  died 
  without 
  being 
  observed 
  at 
  the 
  time. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   only 
  produced 
  about 
  a 
  dozen 
  pupae, 
  which 
  refused 
  to 
  be 
  forced, 
  and 
  died 
  

   with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  two, 
  which 
  lived 
  on 
  until 
  June, 
  apparently 
  

   meaning 
  to 
  go 
  over 
  until 
  another 
  season 
  (Ent. 
  Rec, 
  ii., 
  p. 
  83). 
  

  

  3 
  and 
  4. 
  Biston 
  hybr. 
  pilzii 
  (hirtarius 
  $ 
  X 
  pomonarius 
  $ 
  ) 
  and 
  

   Nyssia 
  hybr. 
  hunii 
  {pomonarius 
  $ 
  X 
  hirtarius 
  $ 
  ). 
  — 
  In 
  1890, 
  Pilz 
  found 
  

   a 
  $ 
  Biston 
  hirtarius 
  paired 
  with 
  a 
  2 
  B. 
  pomonarius 
  in 
  nature 
  ; 
  from 
  

   the 
  eggs 
  obtained, 
  some 
  interesting 
  imagines 
  were 
  bred 
  in 
  due 
  course, 
  

   and 
  named 
  by 
  Standfuss, 
  Biston 
  hybr. 
  pilzii 
  (Ent. 
  Zeits. 
  Guben, 
  iv., 
  

   pp. 
  142-143 
  ; 
  v., 
  pp. 
  109-110). 
  This 
  form 
  is 
  figured 
  by 
  Standfuss 
  

   (Handbuch, 
  &c, 
  pi. 
  iii., 
  figs. 
  1-2). 
  Wiskott 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  $ 
  

   of 
  this 
  hybrid, 
  captured 
  many 
  years 
  before 
  on 
  the 
  promenade 
  at 
  

   Breslau. 
  This 
  and 
  its 
  reciprocal 
  cross 
  have 
  again 
  since 
  been 
  bred, 
  

   and 
  Oberthur, 
  in 
  1897, 
  described 
  the 
  reciprocal 
  cross 
  under 
  the 
  

   name 
  of 
  Nyssia 
  hybr. 
  hunii, 
  figuring 
  both 
  pilzii 
  and 
  hunii 
  (Bull. 
  Ent. 
  

   Hoc. 
  Fr., 
  1897, 
  pi. 
  i., 
  pilzii) 
  (10 
  $ 
  s, 
  4 
  ? 
  s) 
  ; 
  (pi. 
  ii., 
  hunii) 
  (14 
  $ 
  s). 
  

   In 
  1900 
  (op 
  cit., 
  1900, 
  p. 
  274, 
  pi. 
  i) 
  he 
  published 
  a 
  supplementary 
  

   note 
  and 
  figured 
  the 
  ? 
  of 
  hunii. 
  He 
  notes 
  that 
  the 
  interesting 
  point 
  

   of 
  crossing 
  these 
  species 
  lay 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  2 
  of 
  Biston 
  hirtarius 
  

   is 
  winged, 
  that 
  of 
  Nyssia 
  pomonarius 
  is 
  apterous. 
  The 
  hybrid 
  pilzii 
  

   shows 
  an 
  intermediate 
  stage 
  of 
  development 
  between 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  

   parents, 
  being 
  semideveloped, 
  and 
  not 
  apterous 
  as 
  the 
  mother 
  

   (pomonarius 
  2 
  )• 
  The 
  $ 
  of 
  the 
  reciprocal 
  cross 
  hunii 
  is 
  rather 
  yellower 
  

   in 
  tone 
  than 
  the 
  $ 
  pilzii, 
  but 
  the 
  2 
  hunii 
  is 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  2 
  

   pilzii. 
  Hiini, 
  who 
  bred 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  hybrids 
  that 
  Oberthur 
  

   figures, 
  says 
  that 
  he 
  obtained, 
  in 
  1896, 
  about 
  100 
  eggs 
  of 
  pilzii 
  

   (hirtarius 
  x 
  pomonarius) 
  and 
  about 
  200 
  of 
  hunii 
  (pomonarius 
  x 
  hirtarius) 
  ; 
  

   these 
  hatched 
  in 
  May 
  1896, 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  not 
  easy 
  to 
  distinguish, 
  

   approaching 
  rather 
  to 
  pomonarius, 
  although 
  a 
  few 
  only 
  differed 
  slightly 
  

   from 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  hirtarius. 
  They 
  were, 
  throughout 
  their 
  growth, 
  larger 
  

   than 
  larvae 
  of 
  pomonarius 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age, 
  and 
  ate 
  apple, 
  pear, 
  plum, 
  

   and 
  Pr 
  units 
  pad 
  us, 
  but 
  preferred 
  plum 
  ; 
  the 
  mortality 
  was 
  comparatively 
  

   small. 
  In 
  July, 
  the 
  larvae 
  pupated, 
  and, 
  as 
  a 
  result, 
  about 
  70 
  pupae 
  of 
  

   pilzii 
  and 
  140 
  of 
  hunii 
  were 
  obtained 
  ; 
  the 
  pupae 
  wintered 
  in 
  a 
  cocoon, 
  

   and, 
  in 
  March, 
  1897, 
  30 
  examples 
  (15 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  illdeveloped) 
  made 
  

   their 
  appearance, 
  the 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  $ 
  s 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  (although 
  Pilz, 
  

   who 
  had 
  first 
  bred 
  the 
  form, 
  obtained 
  the 
  2 
  s 
  the 
  first 
  year 
  and 
  the 
  J 
  s 
  

   the 
  second 
  year). 
  Some 
  hybrid 
  hunii 
  also 
  emerged 
  in 
  March, 
  1897, 
  but 
  

   these 
  consisted 
  only 
  of 
  $ 
  s, 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  going 
  over. 
  None 
  then 
  

   emerged 
  until 
  March, 
  1899, 
  and 
  March, 
  1900, 
  when 
  6 
  $ 
  s 
  were 
  reared, 
  

   other 
  pupae 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  still 
  being 
  alive 
  and 
  going 
  over 
  to 
  another 
  spring. 
  

  

  