﻿HYBKIDISATION 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  31 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  whole, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  certain 
  similarities 
  that 
  make 
  the 
  two 
  hybrids 
  

   very 
  like 
  each 
  other, 
  hunii 
  tends 
  more 
  to 
  pomonarius 
  (its 
  £ 
  parent) 
  

   and 
  pilzii 
  to 
  hirtarius 
  (its 
  g 
  parent), 
  thus 
  supporting 
  Standfuss' 
  

   first 
  law 
  (antea, 
  p. 
  12) 
  that 
  the 
  $ 
  has 
  a 
  greater 
  result 
  on 
  the 
  

   hybrid 
  progeny 
  than 
  the 
  2 
  . 
  Pairings 
  were 
  obtained 
  between 
  pilzii 
  

   $ 
  X 
  pilzii 
  2 
  , 
  pilzii 
  $ 
  X 
  hirtarius 
  2 
  , 
  hunii 
  $ 
  X 
  pomonarius 
  2 
  > 
  and 
  

   hunii 
  $ 
  x 
  pilzii 
  2 
  , 
  but 
  the 
  eggs 
  resulting 
  from 
  all 
  these 
  pairings 
  

   proved 
  infertile. 
  

  

  5. 
  Ennomos 
  hybr. 
  dartfordi 
  (alniaria 
  $ 
  X 
  angularia 
  2 
  ). 
  — 
  In 
  1895, 
  

   Farn 
  recorded 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag., 
  xxxi., 
  p. 
  280) 
  the 
  breeding 
  of 
  a 
  cross 
  

   between 
  Ennomos 
  alniaria 
  (autumnaria) 
  $ 
  and 
  E. 
  angularia 
  (quer- 
  

   cinaria) 
  2 
  , 
  the 
  latter, 
  which 
  emerged 
  unusually 
  late 
  in 
  1894, 
  being 
  

   paired 
  with 
  a 
  $ 
  E. 
  alniaria, 
  which 
  happened 
  to 
  come 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   breeding- 
  cage 
  ; 
  the 
  progeny 
  showed 
  characters 
  of 
  both 
  parents 
  and 
  

   paired 
  together, 
  but 
  the 
  ova 
  proved 
  infertile. 
  

  

  6. 
  Selenia 
  hybr. 
  parvilunaria 
  (bilunaria 
  $ 
  X 
  tetralunaria 
  2 
  ). 
  — 
  In 
  

   1902, 
  Newman 
  crossed 
  a 
  $ 
  Selenia 
  bilunaria 
  with 
  a 
  2 
  S. 
  tetralunaria 
  

   (Ent. 
  Bee, 
  xv., 
  p. 
  25) 
  ; 
  the 
  2 
  laid 
  about 
  60 
  ova 
  that 
  hatched, 
  the 
  

   larvse, 
  however, 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  sickly, 
  and, 
  in 
  the 
  end, 
  only 
  3 
  $ 
  s, 
  which 
  

   emerged 
  between 
  July 
  30th 
  and 
  August 
  2nd, 
  were 
  reared. 
  In 
  general 
  

   tone 
  these 
  more 
  nearly 
  approach 
  tetralunaria, 
  and 
  the 
  inner 
  line 
  of 
  fore- 
  

   wings 
  and 
  band 
  of 
  hindwings 
  follow 
  that 
  species, 
  whilst 
  the 
  outer 
  line 
  

   of 
  forewings 
  and 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  spot 
  on 
  hindwings 
  are 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  bilunaria 
  (Proc. 
  Sth. 
  Loud. 
  Ent. 
  Soc, 
  1902, 
  pp. 
  110-111). 
  Bartel 
  

   records 
  (Ent. 
  Nachr., 
  xxvi., 
  pp. 
  340 
  et 
  seq.) 
  that 
  his 
  friend 
  Herr 
  R. 
  

   Sauermann 
  obtained, 
  in 
  several 
  cases, 
  reciprocal 
  crosses 
  between 
  

   Selenia 
  bilunaria 
  and 
  tetralunaria 
  second 
  broods, 
  the 
  progeny 
  of 
  

   captured 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  generation. 
  In 
  both 
  crossings, 
  the 
  

   duration 
  of 
  copulation 
  was 
  shorter 
  than 
  is 
  normal 
  in 
  these 
  species. 
  

   The 
  eggs 
  were 
  only 
  laid 
  very 
  gradually, 
  and 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   was 
  irregular. 
  The 
  larvae 
  are 
  described 
  and 
  were 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  

   both 
  parent 
  forms, 
  but 
  differed 
  little 
  from 
  one 
  another. 
  The 
  only 
  

   hybrid 
  form 
  which 
  had 
  emerged 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  writing 
  is 
  named 
  (on 
  

   p. 
  342) 
  Selenia 
  hybr. 
  parvilunaria, 
  and 
  is 
  diagnosed 
  as 
  : 
  " 
  Hybrida 
  

   Selenia 
  bilunaria, 
  Esp. 
  var. 
  juliaria, 
  Haw. 
  $ 
  et 
  Selenia 
  tetralunaria, 
  

   Hufn. 
  var. 
  aestiva, 
  Stgr. 
  2 
  ; 
  lunula 
  media 
  alarum 
  omnium 
  supra 
  

   minima. 
  Expans. 
  alarum 
  anticarum 
  : 
  21-30mm. 
  ($)\ 
  2 
  ignota." 
  

   These 
  appeared 
  as 
  a 
  third 
  generation, 
  some 
  pupa? 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   brood 
  going 
  over 
  the 
  winter, 
  as 
  also 
  did 
  all 
  those 
  from 
  crosses 
  

   of 
  the 
  types, 
  and 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  reciprocal 
  cross 
  tetralunaria 
  £ 
  x 
  

   bilunaria 
  2 
  , 
  which 
  had 
  seemed 
  the 
  more 
  difficult 
  cross 
  to 
  obtain. 
  

   A 
  very 
  detailed 
  description 
  of 
  hybr. 
  parvilunaria 
  is 
  given, 
  from 
  

   which 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  intermediate 
  between 
  the 
  parent 
  forms 
  in 
  

   colour 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  respects, 
  but 
  is 
  readily 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  

   both 
  in 
  some 
  particulars, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  minutely 
  small, 
  transparent 
  

   lunules 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  forewings. 
  

  

  7-12. 
  Tephrosiid 
  hybrids. 
  — 
  The 
  most 
  important 
  scientific 
  results 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  hybridising 
  Geometrid 
  moths, 
  however, 
  are 
  those 
  produced 
  

   by 
  crossing 
  Tephrosia 
  bistortata 
  and 
  T.crepuscularia, 
  in 
  the 
  experiments 
  

   carried 
  out 
  in 
  1897 
  by 
  Bacot 
  and 
  Riding. 
  These, 
  and 
  the 
  conclusions 
  

   drawn 
  therefrom, 
  are 
  published 
  in 
  detail 
  (Ent. 
  Rec., 
  ix., 
  pp. 
  1 
  19, 
  

   243, 
  277, 
  319; 
  x., 
  148; 
  Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Loud., 
  L898, 
  pp. 
  17 
  12). 
  

   We 
  can 
  only 
  here 
  give 
  the 
  following 
  summary 
  thereof: 
  

  

  