﻿M0NGRELISATI0N 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  45 
  

  

  of 
  black 
  markings), 
  and 
  one 
  is 
  a 
  0. 
  var. 
  persona 
  (with 
  yellow 
  hindwings 
  

   almost 
  entirely 
  suffused 
  with 
  black). 
  

  

  2. 
  Calltmorpha 
  persona 
  $ 
  x 
  dominula. 
  £ 
  . 
  — 
  In 
  this, 
  the 
  reci- 
  

   procal 
  cross 
  of 
  the 
  last, 
  the 
  imagines 
  also 
  varied 
  between 
  the 
  parental 
  

   types, 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  came 
  nearer 
  to 
  C. 
  dominula 
  than 
  to 
  the 
  

   variety, 
  though 
  less 
  so 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  former 
  cross. 
  Of 
  the 
  eggs, 
  from 
  10 
  

   to 
  15 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  sterile, 
  from 
  which 
  Standfuss 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  

   $ 
  of 
  persona 
  has 
  already 
  diverged 
  from 
  the 
  physiological 
  standard 
  of 
  

   the 
  species 
  (Handbuch, 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  221-222, 
  pi. 
  v., 
  figs. 
  11-15). 
  Of 
  the 
  five 
  

   specimens 
  of 
  this 
  crossing 
  figured 
  by 
  Standfuss 
  all 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  var. 
  

   romanovi, 
  with 
  red 
  hindwings 
  and 
  increased 
  black 
  markings. 
  The 
  

   specimens 
  are 
  markedly 
  smaller 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  cross. 
  

  

  Standfuss 
  notes 
  that 
  the 
  imagines 
  produced 
  from 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  crosses 
  

   are 
  fertile 
  in 
  both 
  sexes. 
  One 
  suspects, 
  from 
  the 
  overwhelming 
  pre- 
  

   ponderance 
  of 
  dominula 
  characters 
  in 
  both 
  lots 
  of 
  mongrels, 
  as 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  by 
  the 
  specimens 
  figured 
  by 
  Standfuss, 
  that 
  the 
  typical 
  dominula 
  

   is 
  not 
  only 
  the 
  phylogenetic 
  type 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  but 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  

   predominant 
  and 
  more 
  powerful 
  form. 
  

  

  3. 
  Ocnogyna 
  hemigena 
  $ 
  x 
  zoraida 
  £ 
  . 
  — 
  Although 
  these 
  are 
  

   treated 
  as 
  distinct 
  species 
  by 
  some 
  lepidopterists 
  (e.g., 
  Staud. 
  and 
  

   Eeb., 
  Cat., 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  367), 
  Standfuss 
  considers 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  only 
  

   local 
  races 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species, 
  the 
  former 
  inhabiting 
  the 
  Pyrenees 
  

   and 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  mountains 
  of 
  Andalusia 
  and 
  Aragon 
  (Handbuch, 
  

   etc., 
  p. 
  65). 
  The 
  progeny 
  of 
  the 
  cross 
  called 
  by 
  Standfuss, 
  zoratjena, 
  

   Staud., 
  resembles 
  a 
  large 
  0. 
  liemigena. 
  He 
  says 
  that 
  Kroning 
  found 
  

   that 
  the 
  mongrel 
  issue 
  was 
  fertile 
  inter 
  se, 
  but 
  quickly 
  degenerated 
  in 
  

   size 
  and 
  vitality 
  (Handbuch, 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  222-223). 
  

  

  4. 
  Spilosoma 
  mendica 
  $ 
  xrustica 
  ?. 
  — 
  Standfuss 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  resulting 
  from 
  a 
  crossing 
  of 
  mendica 
  $ 
  x 
  rustica 
  £ 
  > 
  were 
  

   nearly 
  always 
  formed 
  within 
  the 
  egg, 
  but, 
  in 
  some 
  broods, 
  not 
  

   one, 
  and, 
  in 
  others, 
  only 
  from 
  8 
  to 
  12 
  per 
  cent, 
  hatched. 
  In 
  one 
  case, 
  

   however, 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  93 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  gave 
  living 
  larva?. 
  All 
  

   the 
  broods 
  suffered 
  severely 
  from 
  disease, 
  the 
  perfect 
  insects 
  reared, 
  

   however, 
  in 
  1894, 
  did 
  not 
  show 
  much 
  variation, 
  and 
  diverged 
  only 
  slightly 
  

   in 
  appearance 
  from 
  var. 
  rustica. 
  The 
  $ 
  s 
  were 
  mostly 
  light-coloured 
  

   as 
  in 
  that 
  variety, 
  and 
  the 
  darkest 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  far 
  lighter 
  than 
  any 
  

   $ 
  of 
  S. 
  mendica 
  (Handbuch, 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  223-224, 
  pi. 
  iv., 
  figs. 
  12-13). 
  

   The 
  two 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  this 
  cross 
  figured 
  by 
  Standfuss 
  represent 
  one 
  no 
  

   darker 
  than 
  ordinary 
  $ 
  rustica 
  (= 
  stand 
  fussi), 
  the 
  other 
  considerably 
  

   paler 
  than 
  typical 
  $ 
  mendica 
  (—mus). 
  Caradja 
  noted 
  that 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   resulting 
  from 
  his 
  early 
  experiments 
  gave 
  only 
  about 
  15 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  

   larva?. 
  

  

  5. 
  Spilosoma 
  rustica 
  $ 
  x 
  mendica 
  J 
  . 
  — 
  This 
  (or 
  the 
  reciprocal) 
  

   cross 
  was 
  first 
  bred 
  by 
  Adkin 
  in 
  1889,* 
  the 
  specimens 
  being 
  noted 
  

   (Proc. 
  Knt. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  1800, 
  p. 
  xl), 
  the 
  £ 
  s 
  being 
  of 
  a 
  dusky-white 
  

   colour 
  and 
  intermediate 
  between 
  the 
  English 
  and 
  Irish 
  forms. 
  The 
  

   imagines 
  of 
  this 
  "reciprocal 
  cross, 
  which 
  Standfuss 
  reared 
  from 
  pupea 
  

  

  * 
  It 
  is 
  doubtful 
  whether 
  Ad 
  kin 
  bred 
  this 
  or 
  the 
  reciprocal 
  oross. 
  His 
  first 
  

   (Trans. 
  Knt. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  1890, 
  p. 
  xl) 
  and 
  second 
  reoords 
  (Proc. 
  Sth. 
  Lond. 
  

   Ent. 
  Soc, 
  1890, 
  p. 
  56) 
  of 
  this 
  pairing- 
  give 
  the 
  parentage 
  as 
  tnmdica 
  s 
  \ 
  

   rustica 
  ? 
  . 
  His 
  third 
  and 
  fourth 
  records 
  {I-'.ntoni., 
  xxvi.. 
  p. 
  297, 
  and 
  F.ntom., 
  \\\.. 
  

   p. 
  '206) 
  give 
  the 
  parentage 
  as 
  rustica 
  ,-s" 
  \ 
  mendica 
  ■? 
  , 
  and 
  this 
  latter 
  he 
  now 
  asserts 
  

   is 
  the 
  accurate 
  parentage. 
  

  

  