﻿48 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  meridionalis 
  ;2 
  Js 
  and 
  2 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  same 
  batch 
  emerged 
  second 
  year, 
  one^ 
  

   weakly 
  pigmented 
  J 
  of 
  above 
  form, 
  the 
  other 
  $ 
  with 
  full 
  yellow 
  

   marginal 
  area 
  to 
  hindwings, 
  as 
  in 
  sicula 
  ; 
  2 
  s 
  small, 
  and 
  had 
  evidently 
  

   been 
  ill-nurtured 
  (Warburg 
  coll.). 
  

  

  12. 
  Lasiocampa 
  sicula 
  $ 
  x 
  quercus 
  2 
  . 
  — 
  (<*) 
  8 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  10 
  2 
  s, 
  the 
  

   $ 
  s 
  almost 
  identical 
  with 
  sicula 
  except 
  for 
  a 
  gradual 
  fading 
  of 
  

   transverse 
  band 
  of 
  forewings 
  into 
  the 
  marginal 
  area, 
  and 
  a 
  slight 
  

   trace 
  of 
  a 
  marginal 
  brown 
  shade 
  edging 
  the 
  orange 
  marginal 
  area 
  of 
  

   hindwings 
  ; 
  the 
  2 
  s 
  distinctly 
  of 
  the 
  2 
  parent 
  form, 
  yellow, 
  and 
  

   quite 
  unlike 
  the 
  warmer-tinted 
  2 
  sicula 
  (Warburg 
  coll.). 
  (/3) 
  21 
  $ 
  s 
  

   and 
  7 
  $ 
  s. 
  All 
  the 
  specimens 
  comprising 
  this 
  brood 
  larger, 
  otherwise 
  

   the 
  $ 
  s 
  very 
  like 
  the 
  last 
  in 
  ground 
  colour, 
  and 
  follow 
  the 
  $ 
  parent 
  ; 
  

   the 
  outer 
  margin 
  of 
  hindwing 
  rather 
  less 
  orange-yellow 
  and 
  more 
  

   shaded 
  with 
  brown 
  externally, 
  and 
  hence 
  nearer 
  querciis. 
  The 
  2 
  also- 
  

   yellow, 
  nearer 
  quercus 
  than 
  sicula, 
  although 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  distinct 
  trace 
  of 
  

   the 
  warmer 
  sicula 
  hue 
  than 
  in 
  $ 
  s 
  of 
  preceding 
  brood. 
  3 
  $ 
  s 
  (of 
  same 
  

   brood), 
  emerging 
  after 
  second 
  year 
  in 
  pupa, 
  are 
  very 
  dark 
  reddish- 
  

   ochreous, 
  the 
  outer 
  marginal 
  areas 
  of 
  hindwdngs 
  scarcely 
  differing 
  in 
  

   tint 
  from 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  wings 
  (Warburg 
  coll.). 
  

  

  13. 
  Lasiocampa 
  sicula 
  $ 
  x 
  bacoti 
  2 
  . 
  — 
  8 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  2 
  2 
  s 
  ; 
  the 
  $ 
  s 
  having 
  

   distinctly 
  wider 
  transverse 
  bands 
  to 
  forewings 
  than 
  sicula, 
  the 
  ground 
  

   colour 
  showing 
  trace 
  of 
  the 
  sicula 
  tint, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  both 
  bands 
  

   and 
  colour 
  are 
  nearer 
  those 
  of 
  bacoti 
  (meridionalis 
  x 
  viburni) 
  than 
  of 
  

   sicula 
  ; 
  the 
  hindwings 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  specimens 
  with 
  distinct 
  brown 
  marginal 
  

   border, 
  in 
  three 
  quite 
  as 
  well 
  defined 
  as 
  in 
  viburni 
  ; 
  the 
  2 
  s 
  follow 
  the 
  

  

  2 
  parent 
  (meridionalis 
  x 
  viburni). 
  

  

  14. 
  Lasiocampa 
  bacoti 
  $ 
  x 
  sicula 
  2 
  • 
  — 
  2 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  4 
  2 
  s. 
  The 
  $ 
  s 
  

   peculiar, 
  one 
  being 
  very 
  near 
  the 
  $ 
  parent, 
  with 
  well-developed 
  

   narrow 
  bands, 
  the 
  other 
  with 
  the 
  transverse 
  bands 
  on 
  the 
  fore 
  wing 
  

   restricted 
  and 
  not 
  quite 
  reaching 
  the 
  costa 
  ; 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  hindwing 
  

   absent, 
  the 
  marginal 
  area 
  (including 
  normal 
  position 
  of 
  band) 
  being 
  

   very 
  dark 
  buff 
  and 
  almost 
  unicolorous, 
  the 
  fringes 
  paler 
  ; 
  the 
  5 
  s 
  

   incline 
  rather 
  to 
  meridionalis 
  x 
  viburni 
  than 
  sicula 
  (Bacot 
  coll.). 
  

  

  15. 
  Lasiocampa 
  intermedia 
  £ 
  x 
  bacoti 
  2 
  • 
  — 
  2 
  g 
  s 
  of 
  most 
  bizarre 
  

   appearance 
  ; 
  a 
  peculiar 
  mixing 
  of 
  the 
  dark 
  chocolate 
  and 
  russet 
  tints 
  

   of 
  the 
  males 
  of 
  meridionalis 
  and 
  sicula 
  respectively, 
  the 
  transverse 
  

   band 
  on 
  the 
  forewing 
  being 
  reduced 
  to 
  a 
  narrow 
  line, 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  

   hindwing 
  still 
  narrower 
  and 
  tending 
  to 
  obsolescence 
  (Warburg 
  coll.). 
  

   II. 
  Crossing 
  of 
  typical 
  form 
  and 
  aberration. 
  — 
  Production 
  of 
  

  

  artificial 
  races 
  by 
  inbreeding. 
  

   We 
  have 
  already 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  crossing 
  a 
  

   typical 
  individual 
  of 
  a 
  species 
  with 
  an 
  aberration 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species, 
  

   may 
  have 
  very 
  little 
  scientific 
  value 
  from 
  the 
  particular 
  standpoints 
  

   afforded 
  by 
  the 
  results 
  to 
  be 
  obtained 
  from 
  a 
  crossing 
  of 
  two 
  

   already 
  differentiated 
  species, 
  or 
  by 
  the 
  crossing 
  of 
  an 
  example 
  

   of 
  the 
  typical 
  form 
  with 
  a 
  highly 
  specialised 
  local 
  race 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  species. 
  Standfuss 
  has 
  already 
  carried 
  out, 
  and 
  published, 
  

   the 
  results 
  of 
  some 
  experiments 
  in 
  this 
  direction, 
  and 
  summarises 
  

   ( 
  Handbuch, 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  305 
  et 
  seq.) 
  these 
  results 
  as 
  showing 
  that 
  

   " 
  when 
  an 
  aberration 
  is 
  crossed 
  with 
  its 
  parent 
  form 
  the 
  issue 
  is 
  

   sharply 
  divided 
  in 
  both 
  sexes 
  into 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  aberration 
  and 
  of 
  

   the 
  normal 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  species" 
  (see 
  Standfuss, 
  Bed. 
  Ent. 
  Zeits., 
  1886, 
  

   pp. 
  238-9). 
  We 
  suspect 
  that 
  this 
  conclusion 
  largely 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  

  

  