﻿MONGEELISATION 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  53 
  

  

  Tugwell 
  obtained 
  a 
  modification 
  of 
  these 
  inbred 
  York 
  examples, 
  in 
  

   which 
  the 
  fascia 
  is 
  clearly 
  and 
  boldly 
  shown 
  on 
  all 
  four 
  wings, 
  which 
  

   he 
  named 
  fasciata, 
  and 
  figured 
  Entom., 
  xxvii., 
  p. 
  205, 
  fig. 
  4. 
  But 
  

   even 
  then, 
  in 
  his 
  most 
  successful 
  brood, 
  50 
  per 
  cent, 
  came 
  out 
  quite 
  

   like 
  the 
  pale 
  typical 
  southern 
  form 
  (op. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  96). 
  

  

  4. 
  Spilosoma 
  zatima 
  $ 
  x 
  fasciata 
  ? 
  . 
  — 
  Cross 
  obtained 
  May, 
  1893, 
  

   by 
  Porritt 
  (Entom., 
  xxvii., 
  p. 
  206), 
  eggs 
  shared 
  by 
  Tugwell 
  and 
  Porritt. 
  

   Tugwell's 
  results 
  = 
  (1) 
  A 
  few 
  zatimalike 
  the 
  $ 
  parent. 
  (2) 
  Most 
  specimens 
  

   favoured 
  the 
  ? 
  parent, 
  but 
  not 
  one 
  was 
  a 
  pure 
  fasciata, 
  almost 
  all 
  

   being 
  like 
  the 
  race 
  already 
  inbred 
  by 
  Jackson, 
  and 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  York 
  

   form, 
  which 
  Tugwell 
  figures 
  and 
  names 
  eboraci 
  (Entom., 
  xxvii., 
  p. 
  205, 
  

   fig. 
  2). 
  This 
  specimen 
  is 
  wonderfully 
  near 
  what 
  Standfuss 
  figures 
  (Hand- 
  

   bach, 
  etc. 
  , 
  pi. 
  viii., 
  fig. 
  12) 
  as 
  intermedia, 
  Bang-Haas, 
  in 
  the 
  latter, 
  however, 
  

   the 
  black 
  marks 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings 
  reach 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  fringes. 
  Many 
  of 
  

   Tugwell's 
  more 
  extreme 
  eboraci 
  reached 
  Standfuss' 
  figure 
  in 
  this 
  

   respect. 
  Staudinger 
  (Cat., 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  364) 
  refers 
  intermedia 
  to 
  Stand- 
  

   fuss 
  (1896) 
  (not 
  Bang-Haas), 
  and 
  drops 
  eboraci, 
  Tugwell 
  (1894), 
  as 
  a 
  

   synonym, 
  which 
  is 
  hardly 
  accurate, 
  Tugwell's 
  name 
  on 
  these 
  dates 
  

   being 
  the 
  older. 
  Jackson's 
  series 
  of 
  fasciata, 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  possess 
  

   photographs, 
  are 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  Hewett 
  (Entom., 
  xxviii., 
  p. 
  28). 
  

  

  Zonosoma 
  annulata. 
  — 
  Certainly, 
  with 
  no 
  close 
  similarity 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  

   of 
  race 
  developed, 
  a 
  very 
  parallel 
  production 
  of 
  an 
  artificial 
  race, 
  by 
  means 
  

   of 
  the 
  inbreeding 
  of 
  a 
  rare 
  natural 
  aberrational 
  form, 
  has 
  taken 
  place 
  

   in 
  Zonosoma 
  annulata. 
  This 
  little 
  Geometric! 
  occasionally, 
  in 
  nature, 
  

   produces 
  a 
  form 
  without 
  the 
  characteristic 
  "omicron" 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  

   of 
  the 
  forewings, 
  but 
  with 
  the 
  omicron 
  on 
  hindwings 
  = 
  ab. 
  obsoleta. 
  

   In 
  inbreeding 
  this 
  form 
  an 
  aberration 
  without 
  the 
  omicron 
  on 
  fore- 
  

   and 
  hindwings 
  occurred 
  = 
  ab. 
  biobsoleta, 
  and, 
  by 
  selection, 
  this, 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  obsoleta, 
  were 
  both 
  isolated 
  as 
  distinct 
  races. 
  Riding's 
  experiments 
  

   (Ent. 
  Record, 
  x., 
  p. 
  239; 
  xi., 
  p. 
  212, 
  etc.) 
  may 
  be 
  summarised 
  as 
  

   follows 
  : 
  

  

  5. 
  Zonosoma 
  obsoleta 
  £ 
  x 
  annulata 
  $ 
  . 
  — 
  Three 
  pairings 
  obtained 
  

   May, 
  1898. 
  These 
  broods 
  produced 
  78 
  imagines 
  — 
  14 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  7 
  2 
  s 
  = 
  

   obsoleta, 
  and 
  25 
  $ 
  s 
  and 
  32 
  5 
  s 
  = 
  annulata, 
  i.e., 
  27 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  obsoleta 
  

   and 
  73 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  annulata. 
  There 
  were 
  no 
  intermediates. 
  

  

  6. 
  Zonosoma 
  obsoleta 
  $■ 
  x 
  obsoleta 
  $ 
  . 
  — 
  (a) 
  Five 
  pairings 
  between 
  

   June 
  30th- 
  July 
  1st, 
  1898. 
  Larvae 
  from 
  these 
  pupated 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  

   and 
  15 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  gave 
  autumnal 
  imagines, 
  all 
  $ 
  s 
  except 
  

   one. 
  With 
  one 
  exception 
  also, 
  all 
  were 
  without 
  the 
  omicron 
  on 
  

   forewings 
  — 
  obsoleta. 
  One 
  also 
  had 
  the 
  omicron 
  on 
  the 
  hindwings 
  

   very 
  imperfect, 
  i.e., 
  intermediate 
  between 
  obsoleta 
  and 
  biobsoleta. 
  

   The 
  other 
  part 
  of 
  these 
  broods 
  emerged 
  April- 
  June, 
  1899. 
  all 
  

   of 
  the 
  form 
  obsoleta, 
  16 
  pup©, 
  however, 
  went 
  on 
  to 
  the 
  autumn 
  

   {Ent. 
  liec, 
  x., 
  p. 
  239; 
  xi., 
  p. 
  212). 
  ($ 
  Three 
  other 
  broods 
  

   noted, 
  all 
  the 
  progeny 
  being 
  obsoleta 
  (pp. 
  cit., 
  xi., 
  p. 
  212). 
  (y) 
  Another 
  

   partial 
  brood 
  recorded, 
  from 
  inbred 
  obsoleta 
  : 
  two 
  had 
  the 
  hindwings 
  

   faintly 
  ringed 
  only, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  rest 
  were 
  biobsoleta 
  (op. 
  cit. 
  xi.. 
  p. 
  

   289). 
  (s) 
  From 
  inbred 
  parents, 
  experiments 
  carried 
  on 
  for 
  a 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  time 
  show 
  that 
  obsoleta 
  breeds 
  true. 
  There 
  has 
  been 
  no 
  

   reversion 
  to 
  type 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  (Hiding, 
  in 
  lift.. 
  December, 
  1900. 
  

  

  7. 
  Zonosoma 
  obsoleta 
  $ 
  X 
  BIOBSOLETA 
  J 
  .—This 
  crossing, 
  from 
  

   inbred 
  parents, 
  still 
  yields 
  (December, 
  19(H) 
  a 
  majority 
  oi 
  intermediates, 
  

   but 
  the 
  omicrons 
  on 
  the 
  hindwiDgs 
  are 
  gradually 
  becoming 
  much 
  less 
  

   distinct, 
  being 
  often 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  dots 
  only. 
  In 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  