﻿HYBRIDISATION 
  IN 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  17 
  

  

  the 
  species 
  are 
  capable 
  of 
  producing 
  hybrids, 
  very 
  little 
  forward 
  ; 
  whilst 
  

   the 
  determination 
  of 
  individual 
  specimens 
  caught 
  wild, 
  as 
  hybrids, 
  is, 
  

   as 
  already 
  noted, 
  unless 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  marked 
  structural 
  peculiarities, 
  

   exceedingly 
  difficult. 
  The 
  specialist 
  must 
  follow 
  these 
  up 
  for 
  himself. 
  

  

  As 
  tending 
  to 
  show 
  how 
  easily 
  natural 
  variation 
  can 
  be 
  mistaken 
  

   for 
  hybridisation, 
  reference 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  Edwards' 
  account 
  of 
  

   Papilio 
  var. 
  brucei 
  (Can. 
  Ent., 
  xxvii., 
  pp. 
  229 
  et 
  seq.). 
  It 
  appears 
  that 
  a 
  

   Papilio 
  described 
  as 
  oreyonia 
  is 
  taken 
  in 
  Washington 
  and 
  British 
  

   Columbia. 
  Much 
  farther 
  south 
  occurs 
  Papilio 
  bairdii. 
  In 
  Colorado, 
  

   between 
  the 
  two 
  areas 
  inhabited 
  by 
  these 
  forms 
  and 
  at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  

   from 
  5000-6000ffc., 
  the 
  species 
  (to 
  which 
  both 
  are 
  now 
  referred) 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  two 
  forms, 
  both 
  forms 
  slightly 
  modified 
  from 
  the 
  lowland 
  types, 
  

   and 
  with 
  intermediates 
  frequent, 
  and 
  2 
  s 
  of 
  either 
  produce 
  progeny 
  of 
  

   both 
  races. 
  Edwards 
  named 
  these 
  intermediates 
  brucei, 
  and, 
  having 
  

   begun 
  by 
  assumingo 
  regonia 
  and 
  bairdii 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  species, 
  looked 
  upon 
  the 
  

   Colorado 
  mixture 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  hybridisation, 
  whereas, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  

   the 
  lowland 
  varieties 
  are 
  extreme 
  specialisations 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  main 
  forms 
  

   found 
  in 
  Colorado, 
  each 
  specially 
  suited 
  to 
  its 
  particular 
  area. 
  

  

  We 
  may 
  now 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  matter 
  under 
  the 
  headings 
  of 
  the 
  

   various 
  families 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  hybrids 
  belong 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Papilionides. 
  — 
  Of 
  individual 
  specimens 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  hybrids 
  and 
  

   recorded 
  as 
  such, 
  we 
  have 
  met 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  — 
  A 
  supposed 
  hybrid 
  

   of 
  Aglais 
  urticae 
  x 
  Pyrameis 
  atalanta 
  (Bruand, 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  Ent. 
  Fr., 
  

   ser. 
  2, 
  1844, 
  t. 
  ii., 
  p. 
  vi) 
  ; 
  hybrids 
  between 
  Coenonympha 
  pamphilusx 
  

   C. 
  iplvis 
  (Stein, 
  his, 
  1835, 
  pp. 
  343-344); 
  Polyommatus 
  bellaryusx 
  

   icarus 
  (Klopsch, 
  Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Zeit., 
  1858, 
  p. 
  409); 
  P. 
  icarusxescheri 
  

   (Standfuss, 
  Handbuch, 
  etc.) 
  ; 
  P. 
  bellaryus 
  X 
  corydon 
  (Tutt, 
  Proc. 
  Ent. 
  

   Soc. 
  Land., 
  1894, 
  p. 
  xv) 
  ; 
  Limenitis 
  Ursula 
  xarchippas 
  (Holdredge, 
  Ent. 
  

   News, 
  x., 
  p. 
  131). 
  Offhand 
  assumptions 
  as 
  to 
  hybridity 
  being 
  common 
  

   between 
  Lycaenid 
  species, 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  Sabine 
  and 
  South 
  (Entom., 
  

   six., 
  pp. 
  40, 
  81, 
  181, 
  220, 
  222, 
  294, 
  274) 
  and 
  criticised 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  (op. 
  cit., 
  pp. 
  207, 
  253, 
  257) 
  are 
  hardly 
  worthy 
  of 
  consideration. 
  

   Somewhat 
  similar 
  are 
  the 
  suggestions 
  of 
  Butler 
  and 
  Staudinger 
  

   as 
  to 
  hybridity 
  among 
  the 
  Coliads. 
  In 
  the 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  Loud., 
  

   1880, 
  p. 
  409, 
  Colias 
  var. 
  sareptensis, 
  C. 
  erate 
  and 
  its 
  var. 
  pallida, 
  

   and 
  var. 
  helichta 
  (chrysodona), 
  etc., 
  come 
  under 
  discussion 
  ; 
  so 
  

   also 
  do 
  they 
  in 
  the 
  Ann. 
  and 
  Mat/. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  vii., 
  p. 
  137; 
  ix., 
  

   p. 
  208; 
  1888, 
  p. 
  197, 
  and 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  Loud., 
  1866, 
  p. 
  371. 
  In 
  

   his 
  Cat., 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  17, 
  Staudinger 
  still 
  maintains 
  chrysodona 
  

   ( 
  = 
  helichta) 
  as 
  a 
  hybrid 
  of 
  erate 
  and 
  edusa, 
  and 
  sareptensis 
  as 
  a 
  possible 
  

   hybrid 
  betweeen 
  hyale 
  and 
  erate. 
  It 
  appears 
  to 
  us 
  that 
  there 
  are, 
  no 
  doubt 
  , 
  

   among 
  the 
  Coliads, 
  difficult 
  questions 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  specific 
  identity 
  

   and 
  of 
  variation, 
  and 
  several 
  forms, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  distinguishable, 
  appear 
  

   to 
  have 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  local 
  races, 
  but, 
  as 
  for 
  real 
  evidence 
  of 
  

   hybridisation 
  between 
  recognised 
  and 
  well-defined 
  species 
  there 
  is 
  none. 
  

   The 
  idea 
  of 
  a 
  man 
  in 
  Berlin 
  or 
  London, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  specimens 
  before 
  

   him, 
  deciding 
  that, 
  in 
  India, 
  a 
  "hybrid" 
  is 
  displacing 
  the 
  parent 
  form, 
  

   is 
  great 
  nonsense. 
  The 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  so-called 
  hybridity 
  between 
  

   eogene, 
  cocandica, 
  and 
  regia 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  equally 
  unsatisfactory. 
  

  

  Hon 
  rath 
  (Perl. 
  Ent. 
  Zcits., 
  xxxi., 
  pp. 
  501-503) 
  asserts 
  that 
  cross- 
  

   pairing 
  is 
  frequent 
  among 
  the 
  Parnassiid 
  species, 
  states 
  that 
  Grrum- 
  

   Grshimailo 
  frequently 
  observed 
  /'. 
  delphius 
  J 
  paired 
  with 
  charltonius 
  

   var. 
  princeps 
  $ 
  , 
  in 
  the 
  Alai 
  nits., 
  and 
  that 
  Alpherakv 
  often 
  saw 
  

   P. 
  discobolus 
  paired 
  with 
  P. 
  var. 
  hcscbolus, 
  in 
  the 
  Thianshan 
  mts. 
  

  

  