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  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  and 
  possibly 
  of 
  greater 
  value. 
  It 
  is 
  remarkable 
  that 
  those 
  of 
  Porrittia 
  

   yalactodactyla 
  with, 
  and 
  Alucita 
  pentadactyla 
  without, 
  these, 
  w 
  T 
  ould 
  be 
  

   sufficient, 
  apart 
  from 
  other 
  characters, 
  to 
  put 
  them 
  into 
  different 
  

   sections, 
  although 
  they 
  have 
  so 
  long 
  been 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   genus. 
  One 
  surmises 
  that 
  pupal 
  colour 
  is 
  of 
  little 
  classificatory 
  value, 
  

   and 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  response 
  to 
  environment, 
  as 
  most 
  of 
  

   the 
  better-known 
  species 
  show 
  a 
  considerable 
  range 
  of 
  variation. 
  Even 
  

   the 
  spring 
  larvas 
  of 
  Platyptilia 
  yonodactyla, 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  looked 
  upon 
  

   as 
  internal-feeders, 
  produce 
  pupae 
  which 
  exhibit 
  a 
  wide 
  difference 
  in 
  

   the 
  intensity 
  of 
  the 
  colour 
  and 
  markings, 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  by 
  reference 
  

   to 
  our 
  detailed 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  same. 
  

  

  The 
  Alucitid 
  pupae 
  then 
  fall 
  roughly 
  into 
  two 
  groups, 
  the 
  " 
  smooth 
  "and 
  

   "hairy," 
  the 
  former 
  being 
  essentially 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Platyptiliine 
  

   group, 
  the 
  latter 
  of 
  the 
  Alucitine. 
  The 
  only 
  marked 
  exception 
  is 
  that 
  

   Capperia 
  heterodactyla 
  (tencrii), 
  towards 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  group, 
  has 
  a 
  

   pupa 
  that 
  is 
  so 
  far 
  specialised 
  in 
  the 
  matter 
  of 
  hairs 
  as 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  unlike 
  

   that 
  of 
  Alucita 
  pentadactyla, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  specialised 
  of 
  the 
  latter. 
  

   The 
  characters 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  stages 
  lead 
  one 
  to 
  assume 
  that 
  

   this 
  must 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  parallel 
  development 
  rather 
  than 
  any 
  really 
  close 
  

   relationship. 
  It 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  overlooked 
  that 
  C. 
  heterodactyla 
  is 
  quite 
  

   external 
  in 
  its 
  larval 
  and 
  pupal 
  habits." 
  

  

  The 
  Stenoptiliid 
  pupa, 
  as 
  represented 
  by 
  Adkinia 
  zophodactylus, 
  is 
  

   an 
  extremely 
  filmy 
  delicate 
  pupa, 
  with 
  the 
  tubercles 
  i-vii 
  arranged 
  in 
  

   somewhat 
  generalised 
  form, 
  each 
  bearing 
  a 
  single 
  minute 
  clubbed 
  

   baton-like 
  hair. 
  This 
  pupa 
  varies 
  much 
  in 
  colour 
  from 
  green 
  to 
  deep 
  

   red, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  in 
  which 
  these 
  tints 
  are 
  combined, 
  probably 
  

   related 
  to 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  on 
  the 
  stem 
  or 
  amongst 
  the 
  flowers 
  

   of 
  its 
  foodplant. 
  It 
  is 
  almost 
  invariably 
  inverted. 
  It 
  shows 
  clearly 
  

   the 
  double 
  dorsal 
  flange 
  (from 
  prothorax 
  to 
  ii 
  of 
  3rd 
  abdominal) 
  which 
  

   is 
  so 
  marked 
  in 
  Platyptilia, 
  and 
  wanting 
  or 
  only 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  by 
  some 
  

   constructive 
  looking 
  for 
  in 
  most 
  "hairy" 
  pupa?. 
  

  

  In 
  many 
  respects 
  Marasuiarcha 
  is 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  the 
  Stenoptiliids, 
  

   but 
  in 
  its 
  pupa 
  it 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  remarkable, 
  a 
  highly- 
  specialised 
  dorsal 
  

   ridge 
  being 
  present, 
  and 
  showing 
  almost 
  the 
  same 
  characters 
  as 
  in 
  Am- 
  

   blyptilia 
  ; 
  the 
  ordinary 
  tubercles 
  are 
  black 
  and 
  single-haired 
  ; 
  the 
  

   trapezoidals 
  are 
  well-developed 
  on 
  great 
  halbert-shaped 
  spines, 
  

   a 
  longitudinal 
  ridge 
  running 
  down 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  ; 
  the 
  

   spines 
  are 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  ridge, 
  and 
  the 
  tubercles 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  spines, 
  but 
  

   are 
  not 
  the 
  spines. 
  It 
  would 
  appear 
  on 
  pupal 
  grounds 
  that 
  a 
  close 
  

   alliance 
  exists 
  between 
  Marasmarcha 
  and 
  Amblyptilia. 
  In 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  

   both 
  British 
  species 
  of 
  Amblyptilia 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  highly- 
  developed 
  double 
  

   dorsal 
  ridge, 
  lofty 
  on 
  the 
  mesothorax, 
  and 
  passing 
  down 
  and 
  culminating 
  

   in 
  a 
  great 
  hooked 
  process 
  (that 
  carries 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles) 
  on 
  the 
  

   3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  the 
  hook 
  being 
  more 
  marked 
  in 
  a 
  forward 
  

   direction 
  in 
  A. 
  cosmodactyla 
  (acanthodactyla) 
  than 
  in 
  A. 
  purictidactyla. 
  

  

  In 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  exceptional 
  hairiness 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  Capperia 
  hetero- 
  

   dactyla 
  (teucrii), 
  it 
  affords 
  strong 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  Oxyptilids 
  are 
  not 
  

   far 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  group 
  just 
  considered, 
  the 
  pupa 
  presenting 
  a 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  distribution 
  of 
  pupal 
  hairs 
  and 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  tubercular 
  struc- 
  

   tures, 
  considered 
  alone, 
  give 
  some 
  curious 
  results. 
  They 
  tend 
  to 
  associate 
  Alucita 
  

   pentadactyla, 
  Emmelina 
  monodactyla, 
  Wheeleria 
  megadactyla 
  (spilodactyla) 
  , 
  etc., 
  

   with 
  Capperia 
  heterodactyla 
  : 
  whilst 
  Leioptilus 
  tephradactyla 
  and 
  Porrittia 
  galac- 
  

   todactyla 
  are 
  very 
  similar. 
  

  

  