﻿GENERAL 
  BIOLOGICAL 
  CHARACTERS 
  OF 
  THE 
  ALUCITIDES. 
  Ill 
  

  

  strong 
  longitudinal 
  ridge 
  as 
  far 
  as, 
  but 
  not 
  beyond, 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  

   segment, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  continued 
  by 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  (i 
  and 
  ii) 
  on 
  the 
  

   other 
  segments, 
  the 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  tubercles 
  being 
  arranged 
  throughout 
  

   in 
  a 
  fan-shape 
  in 
  a 
  vertical 
  antero-posterior 
  plane. 
  The 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupae 
  

   are 
  more 
  varied 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  group, 
  or 
  rather 
  they 
  include 
  

   or 
  combine 
  characters 
  that 
  seem 
  distinctive 
  elsewhere, 
  even 
  to 
  the 
  

   extent 
  of 
  being 
  characteristic 
  as 
  distinguishing 
  Platyptiliine 
  from 
  

   Alucitine 
  pupae. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  flanges 
  (thorax 
  to 
  3rd 
  abdominal) 
  are 
  

   usually 
  well-marked 
  ; 
  some 
  species 
  are 
  absolutely 
  without 
  secondary 
  

   hairs, 
  others 
  have 
  them 
  on 
  the 
  wing-covers 
  as 
  markedly 
  as 
  in 
  any 
  

   Alucitines 
  ; 
  several 
  species 
  have 
  the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  raised 
  as 
  humps 
  

   or 
  spines 
  that 
  are 
  not 
  very 
  different 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  Amblyptilia 
  (cosmo- 
  

   dactyla) 
  and 
  Marasmarcha 
  (lunaedactyla). 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Capperia 
  (hetero- 
  

   dactyla) 
  reminds 
  one 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  pupa 
  as 
  Wheeleria 
  meyadactyla 
  (spilo- 
  

   dactyla), 
  whilst 
  that 
  of 
  Buckleria 
  (pallidum) 
  is 
  not 
  remotely 
  different 
  

   from 
  Eucnemidophorus 
  (rhododactyla), 
  yet, 
  imaginally, 
  . 
  B. 
  pallidum 
  

   is 
  furthest 
  from 
  E. 
  rhododactyla, 
  from 
  which 
  such 
  species 
  as 
  Oxyptilus 
  

   didactyla 
  are 
  (imaginally) 
  much 
  less 
  distant. 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Eucnemidophorus 
  rhododactyla, 
  shows 
  the 
  laterodorsal 
  

   ridge 
  carrying 
  the 
  combined 
  trapezoidal 
  tubercles, 
  each 
  with 
  two 
  hairs, 
  

   one 
  directed 
  forwards 
  and 
  one 
  backwards, 
  whilst 
  the 
  setae 
  of 
  iii, 
  iv 
  + 
  v 
  

   (double), 
  vi 
  and 
  vii 
  are 
  also 
  present. 
  With 
  the 
  true 
  Platyptiliids 
  

   (sens, 
  strict.) 
  Ave 
  find 
  the 
  smoothest 
  pupae 
  ; 
  in 
  that 
  of 
  Platyptilia 
  iso- 
  

   dactylns* 
  the 
  tubercular 
  hairs 
  are 
  microscopic, 
  but 
  longer 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  

   other 
  species 
  and 
  are 
  true 
  pointed 
  hairs, 
  as 
  also 
  are 
  the 
  very 
  minute 
  

   ones 
  of 
  Fredericina 
  calodactyla 
  (zetterstedtii). 
  On 
  that 
  of 
  Gillmeria 
  palli- 
  

   dactyla 
  (bertrami) 
  they 
  are 
  equally 
  small, 
  but 
  are 
  baton-like 
  as 
  in 
  Agdistis, 
  

   but, 
  to 
  the 
  naked 
  eye, 
  it 
  is 
  as 
  smooth 
  as 
  an 
  Agdistid 
  pupa 
  ; 
  in 
  that 
  of 
  

   P. 
  gonod.actyla 
  also, 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  setae 
  except 
  the 
  minutest 
  microscopic 
  

   ones. 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Gillmeria 
  pallidactyla 
  is 
  so 
  smooth 
  that 
  care 
  is 
  

   required 
  to 
  avoid 
  concluding 
  that 
  the 
  tubercular 
  bristles 
  are 
  absent. 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Platyptilia 
  isodactylus 
  and 
  P. 
  yonodactyla 
  are 
  peculiar 
  

   in 
  having 
  no 
  cremastral 
  hooks 
  on 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  

   correlative, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  with 
  their 
  cocoon-making 
  habits. 
  Gillmeria 
  

   pallidactyla 
  (bertrami) 
  and 
  G. 
  ochrodactyla 
  have 
  cremastral 
  hooks 
  on 
  

   the 
  8th 
  segment. 
  The 
  forward 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  cremaster 
  in 
  these 
  pupa? 
  

   has 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  being 
  on 
  the 
  9th, 
  and 
  not 
  on 
  the 
  8th, 
  segment, 
  

   and 
  to 
  arise, 
  in 
  fact, 
  from 
  the 
  genital 
  protuberance 
  in 
  that 
  segment. 
  

   (We 
  have 
  not 
  collated 
  these 
  with 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  observed 
  the 
  

   pupal 
  ecdysis.) 
  Fredericina 
  calodactyla 
  (zetterstedtii) 
  has 
  also 
  forward 
  

   cremastral 
  hooks 
  (Chapman). 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  other 
  side, 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  Alucitine 
  or 
  "hairy" 
  pupae, 
  of 
  

   which 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  meyadactyla 
  " 
  (spilodactyla) 
  group 
  is 
  possibly 
  

   the 
  least 
  specialised. 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Oidaematophorus 
  lithodactyla 
  is 
  

   characterised 
  by 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  hairs 
  arising 
  from 
  tubercles 
  

   i 
  and 
  ii 
  into 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  longitudinal 
  fan-structure, 
  set 
  up 
  vertically 
  

   on 
  the 
  dorsum, 
  a 
  second 
  standing 
  out 
  horizontally 
  and 
  forming 
  a 
  

   subspiracular 
  fan-ridge 
  by 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  hairs 
  on 
  iv 
  ami 
  v. 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Ovendenia 
  septodactyla 
  (lienigianus) 
  is 
  almost 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   type 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  0. 
  lithodactyla 
  ; 
  the 
  two 
  dorsal 
  ridges, 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  pupa, 
  support 
  vertical 
  fans, 
  also 
  a 
  similar 
  lateral 
  fan- 
  

  

  The 
  hairs 
  of 
  this 
  pupa 
  are 
  muoh 
  like 
  those 
  o\ 
  the 
  Agdistid 
  pupse 
  foi 
  

  

  