﻿120 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  from 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  from 
  4 
  and 
  7, 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  fissure 
  which 
  ends 
  between 
  

   them. 
  Veins 
  8 
  and 
  9 
  are 
  stalked, 
  and 
  10 
  sometimes 
  arises 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  stalk, 
  but 
  

   is 
  occasionally 
  wanting. 
  The 
  hindwings 
  have 
  two 
  fissures, 
  the 
  first 
  extending 
  in 
  

   from 
  the 
  outer 
  margin 
  between 
  veins 
  4 
  and 
  7 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  ; 
  the 
  

   second, 
  between 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  veins 
  and 
  vein 
  2, 
  extends 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  basal 
  

   fourth. 
  These 
  divisions 
  are 
  called 
  feathers 
  (or 
  plumules), 
  the 
  anterior 
  one 
  being 
  

   called 
  the 
  first 
  feather, 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  the 
  second 
  feather, 
  and 
  the 
  posterior 
  one 
  the 
  

   third 
  feather. 
  The 
  first 
  feather 
  in 
  some 
  species 
  is 
  somewhat 
  spoon-shaped, 
  rounded 
  

   at 
  the 
  outer 
  end, 
  widest 
  near 
  the 
  middle 
  and 
  narrower 
  near 
  the 
  base. 
  The 
  costal 
  vein 
  

   bends 
  down 
  near 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  its 
  course, 
  approaching 
  very 
  near 
  to 
  the 
  subcostal. 
  

   The 
  costal 
  vein 
  ends 
  in 
  the 
  costa 
  when 
  this 
  feather 
  tapers 
  gradually 
  to 
  a 
  point, 
  and 
  

   vein 
  7 
  ends 
  in 
  the 
  point. 
  When 
  this 
  feather 
  is 
  broad 
  at 
  the 
  outer 
  end, 
  and 
  has 
  two 
  

   angles 
  corresponding 
  with 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  anal 
  angle, 
  the 
  costal 
  vein 
  usually 
  ends 
  in 
  the 
  

   apex 
  and 
  vein 
  7 
  in 
  the 
  anal 
  angle. 
  The 
  frenulum 
  is 
  single 
  in 
  the 
  <? 
  and 
  divided 
  in 
  

   the 
  ? 
  . 
  The 
  second 
  feather 
  in 
  some 
  species 
  is 
  widest 
  towards 
  the 
  outer 
  end, 
  which 
  

   is 
  very 
  oblique, 
  but 
  in 
  others 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  form 
  as 
  the 
  third 
  feather. 
  The 
  

   median 
  vein 
  runs 
  into 
  this 
  feather, 
  giving 
  off 
  vein 
  2, 
  which 
  ends 
  in 
  the 
  hind 
  

   margin, 
  vein 
  3 
  which 
  ends 
  in 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  of 
  this 
  feather, 
  and 
  vein 
  4 
  which 
  ends 
  

   in 
  the 
  apex. 
  In 
  the 
  narrow 
  tapering 
  forms, 
  vein 
  4 
  is 
  wanting, 
  and 
  3 
  runs 
  to 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  feather. 
  The 
  cross-vein, 
  and 
  also 
  veins 
  5 
  and 
  6, 
  are 
  exceedingly 
  fine, 
  

   and 
  scarcely 
  visible 
  under 
  the 
  most 
  favourable 
  circumstances. 
  The 
  third 
  feather 
  

   tapers 
  gradually 
  to 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  blunt 
  outer 
  end, 
  but, 
  in 
  some 
  species, 
  it 
  

   has 
  a 
  very 
  obtuse 
  and 
  rounded 
  angle 
  on 
  its 
  hind 
  margin, 
  which 
  represents 
  the 
  anal 
  

   angle 
  of 
  the 
  wing. 
  This 
  leather 
  has 
  a 
  strong 
  vein 
  running 
  through 
  the 
  middle 
  to 
  

   the 
  end, 
  which 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  vein 
  1?;. 
  In 
  some 
  species, 
  a 
  weak 
  vein 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  

   above 
  lying 
  very 
  near 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  feather, 
  and 
  in 
  others 
  a 
  shorter 
  vein 
  below 
  

   running 
  to 
  the 
  hind 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  feather 
  a 
  little 
  beyond 
  the 
  anal 
  angle. 
  This, 
  

   without 
  doubt, 
  is 
  vein 
  la, 
  and, 
  therefore, 
  the 
  three 
  internal 
  veins 
  are 
  represented 
  

   in 
  the 
  Pterophoridae, 
  but 
  all 
  three 
  do 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  any 
  one 
  species. 
  The 
  fringes 
  

   are 
  long 
  and 
  arranged 
  along 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  feathers, 
  giving 
  them 
  a 
  strong 
  resem- 
  

   blance 
  to 
  the 
  feathers 
  of 
  a 
  bird, 
  thus 
  making 
  more 
  complete 
  organs 
  of 
  flight. 
  In 
  

   some 
  species 
  there 
  are 
  clusters 
  of 
  dark 
  spatulate 
  scales 
  in 
  the 
  hind 
  fringe 
  of 
  the 
  

   third 
  feather, 
  and 
  similar 
  scales 
  occur 
  along 
  the 
  median 
  vein 
  on 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  the 
  

   wing. 
  The 
  basal 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  median 
  vein 
  on 
  the 
  upperside 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings 
  is 
  not 
  

   provided 
  with 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  fine 
  hairs, 
  as 
  in 
  some 
  families 
  of 
  moths. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  of 
  

   medium 
  size, 
  with 
  the 
  front 
  smooth 
  and 
  vertical 
  in 
  some 
  species, 
  but 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   conical 
  in 
  others. 
  The 
  labial 
  palpi 
  are 
  either 
  porrect 
  or 
  curved 
  upward 
  and 
  closely 
  

   scaled, 
  or 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  bushy. 
  The 
  maxillary 
  palpi 
  are 
  entirely 
  wanting. 
  The 
  

   proboscis 
  is 
  about 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thorax, 
  and 
  not 
  clothed 
  with 
  scales 
  at 
  

   the 
  base. 
  The 
  eyes 
  are 
  nearly 
  hemispherical, 
  naked, 
  and 
  without 
  lashes 
  or 
  cilia. 
  

   'The 
  ocelli 
  are 
  absent. 
  The 
  scales 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  lie 
  smooth 
  over 
  the 
  surface, 
  giving 
  it 
  

   •an 
  even 
  appearance; 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  species 
  they 
  form 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  cone-shaped 
  tuft, 
  

   extending 
  forward 
  from 
  the 
  front. 
  The 
  antennae 
  are 
  fine, 
  filiform, 
  and 
  about 
  two- 
  

   thiuls 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  costa 
  of 
  the 
  forewings. 
  The 
  basal 
  segment 
  is 
  much 
  larger 
  

   than 
  those 
  beyond, 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  scales, 
  which 
  sometimes 
  form 
  a 
  pointed 
  tuft 
  

   at 
  the 
  end. 
  The 
  remaining 
  segments 
  are 
  finely 
  ciliated, 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  males 
  being 
  

   stronger 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  females. 
  The 
  thorax 
  is 
  of 
  medium 
  size, 
  and 
  its 
  covering 
  of 
  

   scales 
  smooth, 
  without 
  any 
  indication 
  of 
  tufts 
  or 
  other 
  characters. 
  The 
  tegulae 
  are 
  

   of 
  medium 
  length, 
  without 
  long 
  scales, 
  hairs, 
  or 
  other 
  unusual 
  characters. 
  The 
  

   abdomen 
  is 
  long 
  and 
  slim, 
  of 
  nearly 
  uniform 
  size 
  throughout 
  in 
  the 
  s 
  , 
  but 
  some- 
  

   what 
  fusiform 
  in 
  the 
  ? 
  . 
  The 
  genitalia 
  of 
  the 
  c? 
  con 
  si.- 
  1 
  of 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  long, 
  compara- 
  

   tively 
  thin 
  and 
  broad 
  exserted 
  claspers 
  and 
  a 
  prominent 
  uncus. 
  The 
  legs 
  are 
  long 
  

   and 
  slim 
  with 
  cylindrical 
  segments, 
  except 
  the 
  femora 
  which 
  are 
  somewhat 
  

   compressed. 
  The 
  coxae 
  are 
  about 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  thorax, 
  and 
  stouter 
  than 
  the 
  

   remaining 
  segments 
  of 
  the 
  legs. 
  The 
  fore 
  tibiae 
  have 
  a 
  tibial 
  epiphysis 
  on 
  the 
  inside 
  

   near 
  the 
  end, 
  the 
  middle 
  tibiae 
  have 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  unequal 
  spurs 
  at 
  the 
  end, 
  and 
  a 
  similar 
  

   pair 
  at 
  the 
  outer 
  third. 
  The 
  tarsi 
  consist 
  of 
  five 
  segments 
  with 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  claws 
  at 
  

   the 
  end. 
  There 
  are 
  no 
  spines 
  on 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  segments 
  of 
  the 
  legs, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  

   covered 
  by 
  scales 
  that 
  lie 
  smooth 
  and 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  In 
  some 
  species, 
  however, 
  

   the 
  scales 
  are 
  raised, 
  forming 
  an 
  enlarged 
  ring 
  around 
  the 
  middle 
  and 
  hindlegs 
  at 
  

   the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  spurs, 
  and 
  a 
  similar 
  ring 
  occ-urs 
  around 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  tibiae. 
  

   In 
  one 
  species 
  (monod 
  actylus) 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  tuft 
  of 
  scales 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  tibia 
  1 
  , 
  

   opposite 
  and 
  within 
  the 
  middle 
  spurs. 
  The 
  ground 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  Fterophoridae 
  is 
  

   generally 
  white, 
  yellowish-white, 
  or 
  some 
  shade 
  of 
  brown, 
  occasionally 
  without 
  

   darker 
  markings, 
  though 
  the 
  forewings 
  most 
  frequently 
  have 
  a 
  dark 
  triangular 
  spot 
  

  

  