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  BKITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  have 
  been 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  Orneodids, 
  a 
  conclusion 
  which 
  Chapman 
  

   (Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  1895, 
  pp. 
  134 
  et 
  seq.) 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  challenge. 
  

   Jordan 
  suggested 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  152) 
  their 
  connection 
  with 
  

   the 
  Pyralids 
  (sens, 
  lat.), 
  and 
  Meyrick 
  (Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  1886, 
  

   pp. 
  1 
  etseq.), 
  Packard 
  (American 
  Naturalist, 
  1895, 
  p. 
  563), 
  Fernald 
  (Pter, 
  

   North 
  America, 
  p. 
  12), 
  Staudinger 
  and 
  Rebel 
  (Catalogue, 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  pp. 
  

   70 
  et 
  seq.), 
  have 
  followed 
  this 
  view, 
  the 
  first-named 
  having 
  done 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  research 
  work 
  with 
  the 
  imagines 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  prove 
  this 
  

   supposition 
  ; 
  nor 
  has 
  the 
  genus 
  Chrysocorys, 
  which 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  

   treated 
  by 
  various 
  authors 
  as 
  coming 
  within 
  the 
  superfamily, 
  any 
  

   apparent 
  relationship 
  with 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  and 
  Chapman 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  

   Alucitids 
  present, 
  as 
  pupae, 
  no 
  point 
  of 
  connection 
  at 
  all 
  near 
  to 
  

   Chrysocorys, 
  Orneodes 
  and 
  Epermenia, 
  with 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  at 
  

   one 
  time 
  or 
  other 
  associated. 
  All 
  these 
  little 
  groups 
  Chapman 
  finds 
  

   more 
  or 
  less 
  closely 
  allied, 
  structurally, 
  with 
  the 
  Pyraloids, 
  but 
  not 
  

   with 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  the 
  only 
  common 
  point 
  in 
  structure 
  being 
  that 
  the 
  

   Alucitid 
  and 
  Chrysocorydid 
  pupae 
  have 
  three 
  free 
  segments 
  in 
  the 
  ? 
  

   and 
  four 
  in 
  the 
  $ 
  , 
  but 
  as 
  they 
  show 
  this, 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  many 
  

   divergent 
  superfamilies 
  having 
  pupae-incompletae, 
  the 
  point 
  is 
  not 
  of 
  

   much 
  value. 
  The 
  Orneodid 
  pupa 
  agrees 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Pyraloids, 
  

   in 
  that 
  the 
  7th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  $ 
  pupa 
  is 
  fixed, 
  but 
  it 
  offers 
  

   an 
  important 
  point 
  of 
  difference 
  from 
  the 
  Pyraloid 
  pupa 
  in 
  that 
  

   it 
  has 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  the 
  maxillary 
  palpus. 
  It 
  diverges, 
  therefore, 
  some- 
  

   what 
  from 
  the 
  Pyraloid 
  pupa, 
  to 
  which, 
  however, 
  it 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  

   closely 
  allied 
  than 
  to 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  with 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  agrees 
  

   in 
  this 
  particular. 
  The 
  Alucitid 
  and 
  Epermeniid 
  pupae 
  agree 
  in 
  that 
  

   they 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  known 
  pupae 
  with 
  the 
  free 
  7th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  that 
  

   do 
  not 
  emerge 
  as 
  pupae 
  from 
  the 
  cocoon. 
  They 
  differ, 
  however, 
  in 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  Alucitid 
  pupae 
  have 
  acquired 
  the 
  habit, 
  which 
  no 
  other 
  

   group 
  with 
  pupae 
  -incompletae 
  has 
  acquired, 
  of 
  attaching 
  themselves 
  by 
  

   a 
  cremaster. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  the 
  want 
  of 
  connection 
  between 
  the 
  Alucitid 
  pupae 
  and 
  that 
  

   of 
  Chrysocorys, 
  Chapman 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  the 
  latter 
  has 
  a 
  small 
  

   maxillary 
  palpus, 
  a 
  very 
  narrow 
  prothorax, 
  and 
  a 
  fairly 
  large 
  head- 
  

   piece 
  (two 
  Tineid 
  characters), 
  has 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  emerging 
  from 
  its 
  

   cocoon, 
  whilst 
  no 
  Alucitid 
  pupa 
  (in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  variety 
  exhibited) 
  

   is 
  at 
  all 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  Chrysocorys, 
  with 
  its 
  combination 
  of 
  hooked 
  spines, 
  

   recurved 
  hairs, 
  and 
  projecting 
  spiracles. 
  The 
  larval 
  characters 
  of 
  

   Chrysocorys, 
  too, 
  are 
  not 
  suggestive 
  of 
  an 
  Alucitid 
  alliance, 
  except 
  by 
  

   the 
  approach 
  of 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  and 
  iv 
  and 
  v, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  become 
  almost 
  

   united 
  on 
  either 
  side; 
  this 
  character, 
  however, 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  common 
  

   to 
  all 
  Alucitid 
  larvae. 
  The 
  peculiar, 
  specialised, 
  upright, 
  Chrysocorydid 
  

   egg 
  is 
  entirely 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  flat, 
  smooth, 
  generalised 
  Alucitid 
  egg 
  f 
  

   and 
  removes 
  the 
  two 
  groups 
  far 
  from 
  each 
  other. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  

   the 
  egg 
  of 
  Adactylus 
  bennetii 
  is 
  somewhat 
  modified 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  

   a 
  greater 
  amount 
  of 
  surface 
  sculpture. 
  The 
  structure 
  of 
  egg, 
  larva 
  

   and 
  pupa, 
  suggests 
  strongly 
  that 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  are 
  a 
  very 
  isolated 
  

   group, 
  and 
  Chapman 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  " 
  it 
  seems 
  impossible 
  to 
  derive 
  

   them 
  from 
  the 
  Adelid 
  series 
  at 
  all, 
  even 
  if 
  one 
  starts 
  as 
  low 
  down 
  as 
  

   the 
  Micropterygids 
  ( 
  = 
  Eriocraniids) 
  to 
  allow 
  for 
  the 
  divergence." 
  So 
  

   far 
  as 
  the 
  true 
  Pyralids 
  are 
  concerned, 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  are 
  

   exceedingly 
  different. 
  The 
  former 
  have 
  a 
  pupa 
  that 
  is 
  true 
  Macro 
  in 
  

   dehiscence, 
  that 
  has 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  5 
  and 
  6, 
  and 
  only 
  these, 
  

  

  