﻿THE 
  PHYLOGENY 
  OF 
  THE 
  ALUCITIDES. 
  123 
  

  

  free, 
  with 
  7 
  fixed 
  in 
  both 
  sexes, 
  has 
  a 
  dorsal 
  headpiece, 
  and 
  maxillary 
  

   palpi. 
  The 
  latter 
  has 
  a 
  pupa 
  that 
  is 
  a 
  true 
  Micro 
  in 
  dehiscence, 
  has 
  

   abdominal 
  segment 
  4 
  free, 
  and 
  7 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  $ 
  , 
  the 
  dorsal 
  headpiece 
  

   is 
  evanescent, 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  lost 
  the 
  maxillary 
  palpi. 
  Chapman 
  concludes 
  

   from 
  these 
  facts 
  that 
  " 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  for 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  forms 
  to 
  be 
  derived 
  

   from 
  the 
  other, 
  and 
  impossible 
  for 
  them 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  common 
  ancestor 
  

   higher 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  series 
  than 
  the 
  Tineids 
  (sens, 
  lat.), 
  more 
  probably 
  the 
  

   ancestral 
  form 
  was 
  much 
  lower." 
  As 
  to 
  the 
  want 
  of 
  relationship 
  of 
  

   the 
  Orneodids 
  and 
  Alucitids, 
  Chapman 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  routes 
  of 
  their 
  

   pupal 
  evolution 
  "have 
  obviously 
  been 
  divided 
  for 
  so 
  long 
  a 
  period 
  that 
  

   it 
  is 
  justifiable 
  to 
  describe 
  them 
  as 
  in 
  nowise 
  related, 
  less 
  so, 
  probably, 
  

   than 
  any 
  two 
  families 
  of 
  Macros." 
  He 
  summarises 
  this 
  (Ent. 
  Rec, 
  

   vii., 
  p. 
  270) 
  by 
  asserting 
  that 
  "between 
  the 
  Orneodids 
  and 
  Alucitids 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  relationship. 
  The 
  latter 
  has 
  not 
  followed 
  the 
  line 
  towards 
  

   the 
  Macros 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  Pyralides, 
  but 
  has 
  struck 
  out 
  

   an 
  entirely 
  separate 
  line 
  of 
  its 
  own, 
  and 
  still 
  retains 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  

   features 
  of 
  a 
  Micro 
  pupa. 
  An 
  interesting 
  point, 
  however, 
  in 
  connection 
  

   with 
  the 
  Orneodid 
  pupa 
  is, 
  that 
  the 
  one 
  Micro 
  character 
  which 
  the 
  

   pupa 
  of 
  Omeodes 
  has 
  preserved 
  and 
  exaggerated, 
  viz., 
  the 
  large 
  cephalic 
  

   dorsal 
  plate, 
  happens, 
  in 
  Alucitid 
  pupae, 
  to 
  have 
  taken 
  precisely 
  the 
  

   contrary 
  direction. 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  it 
  hardly 
  exists, 
  and 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  

   see, 
  yet 
  it 
  does 
  exist, 
  and 
  that 
  so 
  effectually, 
  that, 
  as 
  in 
  nearly 
  all 
  

   Micros, 
  it 
  carries 
  the 
  eye-cover 
  with 
  it 
  on 
  dehiscence." 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  chiefly 
  on 
  the 
  neurational 
  characters, 
  as 
  outlined 
  by 
  Meyrick, 
  

   that 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  have 
  been 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  Pyralids, 
  but 
  his 
  own 
  

   doubts 
  {infra) 
  are 
  very 
  curious, 
  and 
  Chapman 
  observes 
  that 
  the 
  neuration 
  

   affords 
  no 
  stronger 
  ground 
  for 
  associating 
  them 
  with 
  the 
  Pyralids 
  

   than 
  with 
  the 
  Tortricids. 
  In 
  Pyralids 
  the 
  hindwings 
  present 
  three 
  

   inner 
  nervures, 
  in 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  there 
  are 
  only 
  two. 
  The 
  subcostal 
  

   nervure 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing 
  is, 
  as 
  in 
  Tortricids, 
  Pyralids, 
  and 
  various 
  

   other 
  groups, 
  the 
  strong, 
  front, 
  nervure 
  that, 
  with 
  the 
  cubitus, 
  supports 
  

   the 
  wing. 
  The 
  median 
  is 
  present, 
  but 
  exceedingly 
  weak, 
  till 
  beyond 
  

   the 
  cell. 
  The 
  only 
  point 
  that 
  seems 
  really 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  Pyralids 
  

   and 
  Alucitids, 
  is 
  the 
  forking 
  of 
  8 
  and 
  9 
  of 
  the 
  forewing. 
  In 
  the 
  

   Tortricids, 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  groups, 
  the 
  forking 
  that 
  occurs 
  in 
  this 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  7 
  and 
  8. 
  The 
  Agdistids, 
  among 
  the 
  plumes, 
  

   and 
  some 
  species 
  among 
  the 
  Tortricids, 
  show 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  forms 
  

   of 
  both 
  Alucitids 
  and 
  Tortricids, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  forking. 
  Some 
  apparent 
  

   relationship 
  might 
  be 
  shown 
  with 
  the 
  Gracilariids, 
  which 
  form, 
  however, 
  

   in 
  some 
  respects, 
  a 
  higher 
  group 
  than 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  but, 
  although 
  the 
  

   points 
  of 
  similarity 
  might 
  suggest 
  a 
  far-distant 
  common 
  ancestry, 
  the 
  

   idea 
  is 
  only 
  brought 
  forward 
  as 
  offering 
  an 
  alternative 
  that 
  is 
  open 
  to 
  

   fewer 
  objections 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  pyralids. 
  

  

  Meyrick's 
  details 
  on 
  this 
  point 
  were 
  published 
  in 
  1886 
  (Trans, 
  f-'iit. 
  

   Sac. 
  Land., 
  pp. 
  1 
  et 
  so/.). 
  He 
  states 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  

   (Pterophorids) 
  constitute 
  a 
  family 
  of 
  the 
  Pyralides, 
  of 
  similar 
  value 
  

   with 
  the 
  Botydidae, 
  and 
  other 
  allied 
  families, 
  and 
  that 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  

   placed 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  Tineodidae 
  and 
  Oaychirotidae, 
  next 
  the 
  

   Crambidae 
  and 
  Scopariidae." 
  He 
  further 
  shows 
  that 
  Chrysocorys 
  is 
  an 
  

   Elachistid, 
  and 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  Pyralids 
  (sens. 
  lat.). 
  He 
  gives 
  

   the 
  following 
  characters 
  as 
  uniting 
  the 
  Pyralids 
  with 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  

   (Pterophorids) 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Forewings 
  with 
  normally 
  12 
  veins, 
  la 
  and 
  lb 
  present, 
  16 
  almost 
  always 
  simple 
  

  

  