﻿THE 
  PHYLOGENY 
  OF 
  THE 
  ALUCITIDES. 
  125 
  

  

  be 
  among 
  those 
  with 
  incomplete 
  pupae, 
  and 
  shows 
  it 
  to 
  be, 
  in 
  this 
  

   important 
  factor, 
  no 
  higher 
  than 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  superfamilies 
  with 
  pupae- 
  

   incompletae. 
  Its 
  specialisations 
  — 
  carrying 
  hairs, 
  cremastral 
  structure, 
  

   etc. 
  — 
  have 
  analogies 
  in 
  widely 
  different 
  superfamilies, 
  where 
  there 
  can 
  

   be 
  no 
  question 
  of 
  relationship. 
  That 
  the 
  superfamily 
  Lithocolletides 
  

   is 
  the 
  only 
  known 
  group 
  with 
  pupse-incompletae, 
  except 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  

   and 
  in 
  some 
  degree 
  the 
  Anthrocerids, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  eye-collar 
  is 
  

   difficult 
  to 
  detect 
  in 
  the 
  pupa 
  (Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Land., 
  1893, 
  p. 
  106) 
  

   does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  carry 
  much 
  weight 
  as 
  suggesting 
  any 
  alliance 
  

   between 
  these 
  superfamilies, 
  but 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  great 
  many 
  

   analogies 
  (if 
  not 
  homologies) 
  between 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  and 
  Anthrocerids, 
  

   two 
  groups 
  united 
  by 
  Dyar, 
  and 
  coming 
  within 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  Chap- 
  

   man's 
  " 
  Micros 
  whose 
  larvae 
  are 
  external 
  feeders." 
  In 
  these 
  sub- 
  

   families 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  free 
  mobility 
  of 
  the 
  pupae, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  

   which 
  are 
  fixed 
  by 
  a 
  cremaster, 
  and 
  yet 
  remain 
  typical 
  "Micros" 
  in 
  

   the 
  freedom 
  of 
  the 
  7th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  in 
  the 
  $ 
  pupa, 
  in 
  their 
  

   dehiscence, 
  etc. 
  

  

  The 
  evidence 
  to 
  be 
  gleaned 
  from 
  the 
  larval 
  structure 
  is 
  as 
  unsatis- 
  

   factory 
  from 
  the 
  phylogenetic 
  standpoint 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  pupal. 
  The 
  

   position 
  of 
  the 
  primary 
  tubercles 
  shows 
  the 
  superfamily 
  to 
  be 
  

   moderately 
  low 
  in 
  development, 
  whilst 
  the 
  wart 
  specialisation 
  suggests 
  

   that 
  few 
  superfamilies 
  have 
  undergone 
  more 
  modifications 
  in 
  this 
  

   stage. 
  Chapman 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  show 
  {Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Loud., 
  1894, 
  

   pp. 
  335 
  etseq.) 
  the 
  analogies 
  that 
  existed 
  between 
  the 
  families 
  that 
  were 
  

   external 
  feeders 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage, 
  and 
  he 
  noticed 
  certain 
  similarities 
  

   which 
  he 
  considered 
  important, 
  without 
  assuming 
  real 
  affinities, 
  and 
  he 
  

   drew 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  parallelism 
  that 
  existed 
  between 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  and 
  

   the 
  Anthrocerids, 
  another 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  external-feeding 
  lepidoptera 
  

   with 
  a 
  pupa-incompleta. 
  As 
  to 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  tubercles, 
  we 
  find 
  

   that, 
  in 
  the 
  Agdistids, 
  iv 
  is 
  higher 
  than 
  v, 
  whilst 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  

   superfamily 
  the 
  anterior 
  v 
  is 
  always 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  posterior 
  iv, 
  at 
  

   an 
  angle 
  one 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  of 
  about 
  45° 
  to 
  the 
  larval 
  resting-place. 
  In 
  

   this 
  character 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  agree 
  with 
  the 
  Tortricids, 
  and, 
  strangely, 
  

   the 
  Pyralids 
  (teste 
  Chapman) 
  split 
  into 
  two 
  great 
  divisions 
  on 
  it, 
  viz., 
  

   the 
  Crambid 
  section 
  (comprising 
  the 
  Pyraustids, 
  Scopariids 
  and 
  

   Crambids) 
  which 
  have 
  iv 
  the 
  higher, 
  and 
  the 
  Pyralid 
  (comprising 
  the 
  

   Pyralids 
  and 
  Phycitids) 
  which 
  have 
  v 
  higher 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Alucitids 
  

   and 
  Tortricids. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  primary 
  tubercles 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  

   position 
  for 
  the 
  more 
  generalised 
  groups, 
  and 
  one 
  suspects 
  that, 
  on 
  

   larval 
  characters, 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  determined 
  of 
  their 
  

   immediate 
  relatives 
  outside 
  the 
  superfamily. 
  We 
  have 
  already 
  given 
  

   (antea, 
  vol. 
  i., 
  pp. 
  116-117) 
  Dyar's 
  larval 
  tabulation, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   which 
  the 
  Alucitides 
  fall 
  within 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  his 
  Anthrocerina, 
  and 
  

   our 
  own 
  critical 
  remarks 
  on 
  this 
  follow, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  need 
  to 
  repeat 
  

   the 
  tabulations 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  there 
  given. 
  Suffice 
  it 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  

   evidence 
  appears 
  to 
  us 
  as 
  sound 
  now, 
  in 
  the 
  1 
  face 
  of 
  our 
  later 
  studies, 
  

   as 
  it 
  was 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  that 
  these 
  were 
  published; 
  neither 
  are 
  we 
  in 
  a 
  

   position 
  to 
  seriously 
  question 
  the 
  grouping, 
  and 
  think 
  it 
  as 
  satisfactory 
  

   as 
  any 
  phylogeny 
  yet 
  suggested. 
  The 
  evidence 
  offered, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   the 
  phylogeny 
  of 
  the 
  plumes 
  is 
  concerned, 
  is 
  distinctly 
  negative 
  rather 
  

   than 
  positive. 
  We 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  rather 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  they 
  cannot 
  

   possibly 
  be 
  allied 
  with 
  certain 
  groups 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  suggested 
  as 
  

   relatives, 
  than 
  to 
  prove 
  with 
  what 
  they 
  are 
  allied, 
  and. 
  in 
  conclusion, 
  

   can 
  merely 
  draw 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  details 
  already 
  stated. 
  We 
  have 
  already 
  

  

  