﻿146 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  Pupation. 
  — 
  The 
  fullfed 
  larva 
  crawls 
  to 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  a 
  leaf 
  or 
  rests 
  

   on 
  the 
  leaf-stalk, 
  spins 
  across 
  it 
  numerous 
  silken 
  threads 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  

   attaches 
  itself 
  by 
  the 
  anal 
  claspers, 
  and, 
  in 
  this 
  position, 
  remains 
  about 
  

   two 
  days, 
  the 
  skin 
  gradually 
  becoming 
  brown, 
  and 
  assuming 
  a 
  

   shrivelled 
  appearance 
  ; 
  in 
  this 
  quiescent 
  stage 
  preceding 
  pupation, 
  

   the 
  larva 
  is 
  much 
  shortened 
  in 
  length, 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  slightly 
  retracted, 
  

   the 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax 
  are 
  remarkably 
  swollen 
  and 
  very 
  " 
  Sphinx 
  "- 
  

   like, 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  also 
  being 
  somewhat 
  shortened, 
  the 
  

   head 
  and 
  venter 
  inclining 
  to 
  a 
  slightly 
  orange 
  tint, 
  the 
  dorsum 
  still 
  

   green. 
  MoncreafT 
  says 
  the 
  final 
  change 
  is 
  gone 
  through 
  very 
  suddenly 
  ; 
  

   a 
  few 
  minutes 
  suffice 
  to 
  throw 
  off 
  the 
  old 
  skin, 
  which 
  remains 
  in 
  a 
  

   little 
  heap 
  on 
  the 
  leaf, 
  and 
  the 
  pupa 
  then 
  hangs 
  freely 
  suspended 
  by 
  

   the 
  anal 
  hooks 
  (including 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segment), 
  being 
  

   attached 
  by 
  its 
  cremastral 
  fringe 
  of 
  tine 
  hooked 
  bristles 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  

   area 
  to 
  the 
  slight 
  silken 
  pad 
  spun 
  by 
  the 
  larva. 
  The 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  

   newly-formed 
  pupa 
  is 
  green, 
  but 
  it 
  changes 
  to 
  its 
  normal 
  darker 
  

   coloration 
  in 
  from 
  24 
  to 
  48 
  hours. 
  A 
  pupa 
  that 
  was 
  formed 
  on 
  May 
  

   9th, 
  1904, 
  had, 
  on 
  May 
  12th, 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  of 
  a 
  purplish- 
  

   brown 
  tint, 
  the 
  thorax 
  being 
  dorsally 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  colour 
  ; 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   jecting 
  beak 
  also 
  black 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  wings 
  and 
  the 
  appendages, 
  the 
  

   latter 
  standing 
  out 
  quite 
  free 
  at 
  their 
  extremities 
  and 
  ending 
  at 
  the 
  

   5th-6th 
  abdominal 
  incision 
  ; 
  the 
  conspicuous 
  frontal 
  beak, 
  the 
  raised 
  

   mesothorax, 
  the 
  distinct 
  intersegmental 
  abdominal 
  incisions, 
  and 
  the 
  

   striking 
  anal 
  spike, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  peculiar 
  concave 
  curve 
  at 
  the 
  dorsum 
  

   of 
  the 
  2nd-4th 
  abdominal 
  segments, 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  most 
  marked 
  

   features 
  of 
  this 
  remarkable 
  pupa. 
  Buckler's 
  figure 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  (Larvae, 
  

   etc., 
  pi. 
  clxiii., 
  fig. 
  la), 
  made 
  May 
  10th, 
  1871, 
  is 
  almost 
  unrecognisable 
  

   owing 
  to 
  the 
  bad 
  reproduction. 
  

  

  Pupa. 
  — 
  This 
  is 
  an 
  almost 
  typical 
  Alucitid 
  pupa 
  differing 
  only 
  from 
  

   the 
  more 
  usual 
  Alucitids 
  in 
  being 
  long, 
  slender 
  and 
  of 
  very 
  uniform 
  

   size 
  from 
  end 
  to 
  end 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  most 
  of 
  them, 
  and, 
  as 
  compared 
  

   with 
  some, 
  exceedingly 
  smooth, 
  but 
  this 
  feature 
  also 
  occurs 
  in 
  ordinary 
  

   Alucitids. 
  It 
  has 
  the 
  same 
  method 
  of 
  attachment, 
  the 
  same 
  

   number 
  of 
  free 
  segments, 
  a 
  similar 
  backward 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  leg- 
  

   cases 
  — 
  it 
  only 
  differs 
  in 
  degree. 
  The 
  length 
  is 
  about 
  15mm., 
  the 
  width 
  

   (at 
  the 
  free 
  abdominal 
  segments) 
  about 
  l'5mm., 
  thicker 
  thoracically, 
  

   and 
  tapering 
  from 
  the 
  last 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  segments 
  to 
  a 
  sharp 
  point. 
  

   Close 
  to 
  the 
  vertex 
  are, 
  on 
  either 
  side, 
  two 
  bristles, 
  rather 
  far 
  apart 
  

   from 
  each 
  other 
  to 
  be 
  both 
  antennal 
  basal 
  hairs 
  (as 
  in 
  most 
  pupas), 
  but 
  

   probably 
  so. 
  Further 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  cheek 
  is 
  another 
  hair. 
  On 
  the 
  

   clypeus 
  is 
  another. 
  There 
  is 
  another 
  just 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  glazed 
  

   eye 
  area, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  leg, 
  and 
  another 
  just 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  

   of 
  the 
  eye 
  area, 
  at 
  base 
  of 
  what 
  looks 
  like 
  the 
  mandible, 
  but 
  has 
  no 
  

   trace 
  of 
  suture. 
  These 
  hairs, 
  like 
  all 
  the 
  others 
  in 
  the 
  pupa, 
  are 
  very 
  

   minute 
  (about 
  0*03mm. 
  long). 
  The 
  labium 
  is 
  a 
  rounded 
  lappet 
  from 
  

   above, 
  in 
  outline 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  jaw-like 
  projections 
  from 
  each 
  

   side. 
  The 
  glazed 
  eye 
  is 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  well-marked; 
  there 
  is 
  the 
  

   semicircular 
  glazed 
  line, 
  dividing 
  the 
  area 
  into 
  an 
  inner 
  and 
  an 
  outer 
  

   portion 
  of 
  about 
  equal 
  width, 
  the 
  inner 
  portion 
  being 
  bounded 
  by 
  a 
  

   curve 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  glazed 
  line, 
  and 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  maxillae, 
  mandi- 
  

   bles 
  (?) 
  , 
  base 
  and 
  cheek 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  radiating 
  lines, 
  and 
  has 
  the 
  

   already 
  noted 
  hair. 
  The 
  inner 
  portion 
  has 
  series 
  of 
  dots 
  (eye-facets) 
  

   inside 
  the 
  glazed 
  line 
  in 
  tolerably 
  regular 
  rows, 
  which 
  fade 
  out 
  at 
  

  

  