﻿'adactylus 
  bennetii. 
  149 
  

  

  with 
  yellow-coloured 
  hooked 
  tips 
  ; 
  these 
  run 
  down 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   ventral 
  area 
  of 
  anal 
  segment 
  ; 
  a 
  pit 
  or 
  depression 
  on 
  ventral 
  area 
  at 
  

   junction 
  of 
  the 
  8th 
  and 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  has 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  

   similar 
  hooked 
  bristles 
  rising 
  from 
  its 
  bottom. 
  The 
  skin 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   is 
  much 
  wrinkled 
  and 
  roughened 
  or 
  shagreened, 
  the 
  rough 
  points 
  being 
  

   pale 
  or 
  whitish. 
  A 
  few 
  short 
  hairs 
  are 
  present, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  distin- 
  

   guish, 
  in 
  same 
  position 
  as 
  the 
  primary 
  larval 
  seta?, 
  but 
  the 
  hairs 
  

   themselves 
  are 
  simple 
  and 
  not 
  clubbed, 
  as 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  larva 
  (Bacot, 
  

   May 
  28th, 
  1899). 
  South's 
  description 
  (Entom., 
  xvi., 
  p. 
  27) 
  of 
  the 
  

   pupa 
  is 
  unsatisfactory, 
  but 
  Barrett 
  (Lep. 
  Brit. 
  Isl., 
  ix., 
  p. 
  342) 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  paraphrased 
  South's 
  description, 
  without 
  acknowledg- 
  

   ment, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  pupa 
  becomes 
  " 
  green, 
  dusted 
  with 
  white, 
  and 
  

   shaded 
  with 
  violet-brown 
  ; 
  wing- 
  and 
  limb-cases 
  deeper 
  green," 
  the 
  

   paraphrase 
  carrying 
  a 
  somewhat 
  erroneous 
  impression 
  of 
  the 
  pupal 
  

   colours. 
  

  

  Variation 
  of 
  pupa. 
  — 
  [Living 
  pupae 
  May 
  18th, 
  1904.] 
  The 
  living 
  

   pupa? 
  vary 
  much 
  in 
  colour 
  from 
  a 
  pale 
  greenish 
  form 
  to 
  a 
  deep 
  brown 
  

   that 
  may 
  be 
  almost 
  called 
  black. 
  The 
  two 
  commonest 
  forms 
  are 
  

   rather 
  darker 
  than 
  the 
  palest, 
  and 
  not 
  quite 
  so 
  dark 
  as 
  the 
  darkest. 
  

   These 
  two 
  forms 
  match, 
  apparently, 
  the 
  green 
  of 
  the 
  growing 
  plant 
  and 
  

   the 
  sombre 
  tints 
  it 
  has 
  when 
  dead 
  — 
  either 
  dry 
  or 
  decayed. 
  The 
  green 
  

   pupae 
  look 
  as 
  if 
  they 
  owed 
  their 
  colour 
  to 
  the 
  thinness 
  of 
  the 
  pupal 
  

   shell, 
  allowing 
  the 
  green 
  tissues 
  within 
  to 
  be 
  seen, 
  but, 
  as 
  the 
  brown 
  

   ones 
  give 
  equally 
  an 
  impression 
  of 
  the 
  underlying 
  tissues 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   the 
  skin 
  being 
  brown, 
  such 
  a 
  conclusion 
  is 
  doubtful. 
  In 
  both 
  cases, 
  

   white, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  pale, 
  points 
  that 
  represent 
  apparently 
  the 
  pale 
  skin- 
  

   points 
  of 
  the 
  larva, 
  and 
  dark 
  shadings, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  appendages, 
  

   are 
  abundant, 
  but 
  are 
  most 
  clearly 
  distinguishable 
  in 
  the 
  pale 
  green. 
  

   To 
  take 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  green 
  ones 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  detail, 
  the 
  back 
  is 
  olive- 
  

   green, 
  becoming 
  paler 
  towards 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  darker 
  for 
  the 
  last 
  few 
  seg- 
  

   ments. 
  Each 
  segment 
  is 
  crossed 
  by 
  numerous 
  fine 
  ridges, 
  30 
  to 
  40 
  in 
  

   number, 
  having 
  much 
  the 
  aspect, 
  but 
  on 
  a 
  much 
  smaller 
  scale, 
  of 
  

   subsegments, 
  each 
  ridge 
  being 
  rounded 
  above, 
  and 
  pressed 
  closely 
  against 
  

   its 
  neighbour, 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  only 
  running 
  a 
  certain 
  distance 
  before 
  

   they 
  narrow 
  and 
  disappear, 
  allowing 
  their 
  neighbours 
  which 
  they 
  had 
  

   separated 
  to 
  meet. 
  It 
  is 
  on 
  these 
  ridges 
  that 
  the 
  pale 
  (hardly 
  white) 
  

   raised 
  dots 
  are 
  disposed. 
  The 
  darker 
  markings 
  are 
  very 
  fine 
  marblings 
  

   tending 
  to 
  range 
  themselves 
  into 
  longitudinal 
  lines, 
  and 
  not 
  definitely 
  

   confined 
  to 
  the 
  ridges. 
  They 
  are 
  darker 
  green 
  than 
  the 
  ground 
  colour, 
  

   and 
  it 
  is 
  their 
  darker 
  colour 
  that 
  overpowers 
  the 
  pale 
  green 
  ground 
  

   colour 
  and 
  gives 
  the 
  olive-green 
  effect. 
  This 
  darker 
  green 
  seems 
  the 
  

   result 
  of 
  a 
  pigmentation 
  that 
  looks 
  as 
  if 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  black 
  if 
  there 
  

   were 
  only 
  enough 
  of 
  it. 
  The 
  anal 
  horn 
  is 
  pale 
  brownish. 
  Laterally 
  

   and 
  ventrally 
  the 
  surface, 
  when 
  not 
  hidden 
  by 
  the 
  appendages, 
  agrees 
  

   substantially 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  dorsum. 
  The 
  actual 
  venter, 
  however, 
  is 
  

   green, 
  free 
  from 
  either 
  white 
  dots 
  or 
  dark 
  marbling, 
  and 
  is 
  consequently 
  

   pale 
  having 
  on 
  the 
  4th, 
  5th 
  and 
  6th 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  a 
  kidney-shaped 
  

   darker 
  mark 
  on 
  either 
  side, 
  that 
  looks 
  like 
  scar 
  of 
  prolog, 
  but 
  can 
  hardly 
  

   be 
  so, 
  the 
  fine 
  transverse 
  ridges 
  passing 
  across 
  it 
  without 
  any 
  structural 
  

   changes. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  certain 
  amount 
  of 
  ruddy 
  tinting 
  of 
  the 
  incisions, 
  

   especially 
  laterally. 
  The 
  appendages 
  (wings, 
  legs, 
  etc.") 
  are 
  definitely 
  

   very 
  dark 
  green, 
  and 
  this 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  pigment, 
  as, 
  towards 
  the 
  

   head, 
  dots 
  and 
  islets 
  of 
  pale 
  green 
  appear 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  wanting; 
  the 
  beak 
  is 
  

  

  