﻿PLATYPTILIID^E. 
  155 
  

  

  characters. 
  The 
  smoothness 
  is 
  varied 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  external- 
  

   feeding 
  (in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage) 
  species 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  remarkable 
  dorsal 
  

   projections 
  (Amblyptiliines), 
  or 
  armed 
  processes 
  (Oxyptilines), 
  but 
  still 
  

   the 
  pupae 
  are 
  essentially 
  smooth. 
  The 
  Oxyptiline 
  pupae 
  have 
  a 
  particularly 
  

   hairy 
  appearance. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  Marasmarcha 
  (lunaedactyla), 
  

   Amblyptilia 
  (cosmodactyla, 
  etc.), 
  and 
  Capperia 
  (heterodactyla) 
  possess 
  the 
  

   most 
  exposed- 
  feeding 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  family. 
  The 
  processes 
  just 
  referred 
  to 
  

   as 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  specialised 
  pupal 
  forms 
  are 
  remarkable 
  develop- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  a 
  dorso-lateral 
  ridge, 
  carrying 
  hooked 
  structures 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  

   trapezoidal 
  tubercles 
  are 
  placed. 
  Marasmarcha, 
  belonging 
  perhaps 
  to 
  

   the 
  Oxyptiline 
  section, 
  has 
  an 
  almost 
  identical 
  pupa 
  with 
  Amblyptilia, 
  

   whilst 
  the 
  Oxyptilines 
  themselves 
  have 
  a 
  similar 
  structure 
  on 
  the 
  

   anterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  dorsum 
  only, 
  on 
  the 
  posterior 
  part 
  the 
  ridge 
  is 
  

   modified 
  into 
  a 
  structure 
  almost 
  identical 
  with 
  the 
  dorsal 
  fan-ridge 
  of 
  

   certain 
  Alucitid 
  pupae. 
  The 
  Stenoptiliine 
  pupae, 
  with 
  no 
  armature 
  

   except 
  the 
  simple 
  generalised 
  setae 
  carried 
  forward 
  to 
  this 
  from 
  the 
  

   larval 
  stage, 
  are 
  paralleled 
  by 
  pupae 
  of 
  equally 
  simple 
  structure 
  in 
  the 
  

   Platyptiliines. 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  Eucnemidophorus 
  shows 
  the 
  commencement 
  

   of 
  the 
  latero-dorsal 
  ridge 
  which 
  carries 
  the 
  trapezoidal 
  tubercles, 
  and 
  

   which 
  is 
  so 
  remarkably 
  developed 
  in 
  Amblyptilia 
  and 
  Marasmarcha, 
  so 
  

   similar 
  is 
  it 
  in 
  these 
  that 
  one 
  is 
  left 
  in 
  doubt 
  as 
  to 
  whether 
  the 
  latter 
  

   is 
  really 
  Amblyptiliine 
  or 
  Oxyptiline, 
  and 
  ends 
  in 
  our 
  supposing 
  that 
  

   it 
  is 
  an 
  offshoot 
  of 
  the 
  former, 
  that 
  has 
  already 
  developed 
  certain 
  

   imaginal 
  characters 
  (chiefly 
  neurational) 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  latter. 
  

   Chapman 
  notes 
  (in 
  litt.) 
  that 
  Marasmarcha 
  is 
  an 
  Amblyptiliid 
  genus 
  

   that 
  has 
  specialised 
  its 
  imago 
  without 
  carrying 
  the 
  larva 
  on. 
  

   Although 
  of 
  little 
  service 
  for 
  detailed 
  structural 
  purposes, 
  reference 
  

   to 
  Buckler's 
  figures 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  forms 
  of 
  Platyptiliid 
  pupae 
  

   (Larvae, 
  etc., 
  pi. 
  clxiii., 
  figs. 
  2c, 
  Sb-Sc, 
  46 
  and 
  9e), 
  representing 
  four 
  

   distinct 
  types, 
  may 
  prove 
  interesting. 
  Of 
  these, 
  that 
  of 
  E. 
  rhodo- 
  

   dactyla 
  (2c) 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  most 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  the 
  

   frontal 
  beak 
  being 
  but 
  little 
  developed 
  ; 
  that 
  of 
  Gillmeria 
  ochrodactyla 
  

   (Sb-Sc), 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  is 
  remarkably 
  developed, 
  being 
  exceptionally 
  

   elongated 
  frontally 
  with 
  an 
  outward 
  and 
  downward, 
  somewhat 
  ventral, 
  

   curve. 
  That 
  of 
  Platyptilia 
  isodactylus 
  (46) 
  tends 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  

   the 
  last, 
  but 
  is 
  much 
  less 
  markedly 
  developed, 
  whilst 
  that 
  of 
  Adkinia 
  

   bipunctidactyla 
  is 
  less 
  pointed 
  frontally 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  P. 
  isodactylus. 
  

  

  The 
  imaginal 
  characters 
  of 
  this 
  family 
  are 
  most 
  marked. 
  These 
  

   have 
  already 
  been 
  dealt 
  with 
  (antea) 
  and 
  may 
  be 
  briefly 
  noted 
  as 
  — 
  (1) 
  

   The 
  angulated 
  outline 
  of 
  forewing. 
  (2) 
  The 
  less 
  highly 
  developed 
  

   fissures 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing. 
  (3) 
  The 
  anal 
  nervure 
  alone 
  entering 
  the 
  

   third 
  plumule 
  of 
  hindwing. 
  (4) 
  The 
  discoidal 
  cell 
  of 
  the 
  forewing 
  

   closed 
  by 
  a 
  vertical 
  (or 
  only 
  slightly 
  outwardly 
  inclined) 
  transverse 
  

   nervure. 
  (5) 
  The 
  2 
  frenulum 
  with 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  spina. 
  (6) 
  The 
  

   plumules 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings 
  differently 
  shaped. 
  (7) 
  The 
  frequent 
  

   presence 
  of 
  scale-tufts 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  plumule 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing. 
  

  

  The 
  Pakearctic 
  Platyptiliids, 
  with 
  very 
  few 
  exceptions, 
  hybernate 
  

   as 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  stadium. 
  At 
  this 
  stage 
  they 
  are 
  all 
  internal- 
  

   feeders, 
  i.e., 
  miners, 
  although 
  many 
  feed 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  exposed 
  after 
  

   hybernation. 
  Typical 
  among 
  these 
  are 
  Adkinia 
  bipunctidactyla, 
  

   Stenoptilia 
  fuscus, 
  Platyptilia 
  yonodactyla, 
  etc. 
  Some 
  of 
  them, 
  

   however, 
  must 
  do 
  little 
  real 
  resting 
  once 
  the 
  foodplant 
  has 
  begun 
  to 
  

   grow, 
  witness 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  some 
  larvae 
  of 
  P. 
  gonodactyla, 
  P. 
  isodactylus 
  

  

  