﻿PLATYPTILIIDI. 
  161 
  

  

  (in 
  part) 
  (1841); 
  Dup., 
  "Cat. 
  Meth.," 
  p. 
  381 
  (in 
  part) 
  (1845); 
  Tgstrm., 
  " 
  Finl. 
  

   Fjar.," 
  p. 
  154 
  (1847) 
  ; 
  Frey, 
  " 
  Tin. 
  und 
  Pter.," 
  p. 
  403 
  (1856) 
  ; 
  Sta., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Ann.,'* 
  

   ii., 
  p. 
  44 
  (1856) 
  ; 
  "Man.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  441 
  (1859). 
  Platyptilus, 
  Zell., 
  "Isis," 
  p. 
  777 
  

   (1861) 
  ; 
  H.-Sch., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  p. 
  368 
  (1855) 
  ; 
  Wallgrn., 
  " 
  Skand. 
  Fjader.," 
  

   p. 
  11 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Wocke, 
  " 
  Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Ztg.," 
  xxiii., 
  p. 
  254 
  (1862) 
  ; 
  Jord., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Mo. 
  

   Mag.." 
  p. 
  121 
  (1869); 
  Nolck., 
  " 
  Lep. 
  Fn. 
  Estl.," 
  p. 
  801 
  (1871). 
  Amblyptilia, 
  

   South, 
  "Ent.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  34 
  (1882). 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  Fredericina 
  was 
  created 
  in 
  1905 
  {Ent. 
  Rec, 
  xvii., 
  

   p. 
  37), 
  when 
  calodactyla, 
  S.V. 
  ( 
  = 
  zetterstedtii, 
  Zell.), 
  was 
  named 
  as 
  the 
  

   type. 
  This 
  became 
  necessary 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  certain 
  marked 
  

   differences 
  that 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  stages 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  

   Platyptilia. 
  The 
  egg 
  is 
  long, 
  roughly 
  cylindrical, 
  somewhat 
  inclined 
  to 
  

   the 
  brick-shape 
  of 
  the 
  Agdistid 
  egg, 
  the 
  micropylar 
  end 
  being 
  wide 
  

   and 
  flattened, 
  its 
  nadir 
  more 
  elongated 
  and 
  rounded, 
  and 
  with 
  only 
  faint 
  

   traces 
  of 
  surface 
  reticulation. 
  The 
  larva 
  is 
  peculiar 
  in 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  without 
  

   any 
  trace 
  of 
  the 
  enlarged 
  skin-points 
  or 
  skin-spines 
  (not 
  true 
  skin- 
  

   hairs) 
  which 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  Platyptilia, 
  Gillmeria, 
  etc. 
  As 
  these 
  

   are 
  quite 
  sui 
  generis 
  among 
  "plume" 
  larvae, 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  that 
  

   Fredericina 
  is 
  a 
  generalised 
  form 
  and 
  never 
  had 
  them. 
  Skin-hairs 
  

   (as 
  described 
  elsewhere 
  among 
  the 
  plumes) 
  are 
  absent 
  in 
  the 
  Platyp- 
  

   tiliids, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  well 
  provided 
  with 
  these 
  little 
  unjointed 
  spines, 
  

   which, 
  however, 
  as 
  already 
  noted, 
  are 
  absent 
  in 
  Fredericina. 
  The 
  larval 
  

   dorsal 
  tubercles 
  of 
  the 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax 
  show, 
  in 
  F. 
  calodactyla, 
  

   the 
  dorsal 
  hairs 
  (i 
  and 
  ii) 
  of 
  either 
  side 
  on 
  a 
  separate 
  plate, 
  but 
  these 
  

   so 
  close 
  together 
  that, 
  in 
  some 
  instances, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  clear 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  really 
  separate. 
  In 
  Platyptilia 
  {gonodactyla) 
  they 
  

   are 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  both 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  plate. 
  The 
  larva 
  of 
  this 
  

   genus 
  forms 
  a 
  puparium 
  in 
  which 
  to 
  pupate 
  as 
  in 
  Platyptilia. 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  shows 
  the 
  double 
  dorsal 
  ridge 
  weak 
  ; 
  the 
  nosehorn 
  sharp 
  

   (0.6mm. 
  long 
  in 
  F. 
  calodactyla), 
  the 
  anal 
  end 
  blunt, 
  the 
  cremaster 
  with 
  

   very 
  few 
  hairs 
  ; 
  the 
  posterior 
  borders 
  of 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  smooth 
  ; 
  

   the 
  colour 
  homogeneous 
  and 
  dark. 
  Judged 
  by 
  external 
  imaginal 
  

   characters, 
  nemoralis 
  and 
  tesseradactyla 
  belong 
  to 
  Fredericina. 
  This 
  

   suspicion 
  may 
  be 
  entirely 
  upset, 
  when 
  more 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  

   stages. 
  Speaking 
  of 
  the 
  closely- 
  allied 
  pairs 
  of 
  Platyptiliid 
  species, 
  

   likely 
  to 
  be 
  mistaken 
  for 
  each 
  other, 
  e.g., 
  gonodactyla 
  and 
  farfarella, 
  

   calodactyla 
  and 
  nemoralis, 
  Hofmann 
  observes 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  readily 
  

   recognised 
  as 
  distinct 
  species 
  by 
  the 
  differences 
  in 
  the 
  apophyses 
  oi 
  the 
  

   penis 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  ninth 
  ventral 
  plate. 
  

  

  Fredericina 
  calodactyla, 
  Schiff. 
  and 
  Denis. 
  

   Synonymy. 
  — 
  Species: 
  Calodactyla, 
  Schiff. 
  and 
  Denis, 
  " 
  Schmett. 
  Wien.," 
  1st 
  

   ed., 
  p. 
  146 
  (1775) 
  ; 
  111., 
  "Schmett. 
  Wien.," 
  2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  128 
  (1801) 
  ; 
  Hb.. 
  " 
  Sohmett. 
  

   Ear.," 
  Aluc. 
  pi. 
  ii., 
  fig. 
  7 
  (1804) 
  ; 
  " 
  Verz.," 
  p. 
  429 
  (1825). 
  Petradactyla, 
  Hb.. 
  

   " 
  Schmett. 
  Eur.," 
  Aluc, 
  pi. 
  vii., 
  figs. 
  37, 
  38 
  (circ. 
  1823) 
  ; 
  "Verz.," 
  p. 
  429 
  (182")). 
  

   Calodactylus, 
  Dup., 
  " 
  Hist. 
  Mat.," 
  xi., 
  p. 
  652 
  in 
  part, 
  pi. 
  313, 
  fig. 
  9(1838). 
  Tes- 
  

   seradactyla, 
  vars. 
  a-b, 
  Zett., 
  "Ins. 
  Lapp.," 
  p. 
  1012 
  (1840). 
  Zetterstedtii, 
  Zell 
  , 
  

   "Isis," 
  p. 
  777 
  in 
  part, 
  vars. 
  a 
  et 
  h, 
  pi. 
  iv.. 
  figs. 
  3-4 
  (1841) 
  ; 
  Standfuss, 
  "Stett. 
  

   Ent. 
  Zeit.," 
  p. 
  156 
  (1848) 
  ; 
  Dup., 
  " 
  Cat. 
  Meth.," 
  p. 
  38L 
  in 
  part 
  (1845J 
  ; 
  Tgstrm., 
  

   "Finl. 
  Fjar.," 
  p. 
  154(1847); 
  Zell., 
  "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  333 
  (1852); 
  B.-Soh., 
  

   " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  p. 
  368 
  (1855) 
  ; 
  Frey, 
  " 
  Tin. 
  Pter. 
  Sell.," 
  p. 
  403 
  (1856) 
  : 
  •« 
  Lep, 
  

   der 
  Schweiz," 
  p. 
  428(1880); 
  Stainton, 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Ann.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  41 
  (1856); 
  "Man.," 
  ii.. 
  

   p. 
  441 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Wallgrn., 
  "Skand. 
  Fjad.," 
  p. 
  11 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Jord., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  

   vi., 
  p. 
  121 
  (1869); 
  viii., 
  p. 
  137 
  (1871); 
  Nolck., 
  -'Lep. 
  Vn. 
  Estl.," 
  p. 
  801 
  (1871) 
  : 
  

   Hein. 
  and 
  Wocke, 
  " 
  Schmett. 
  Deutsch.," 
  hi., 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  785 
  (1877) 
  ; 
  Staud., 
  " 
  Hor, 
  

   Soc. 
  Ent. 
  Ross.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  423 
  (1880) 
  ; 
  Snell., 
  " 
  IV 
  Vlind.," 
  ii.. 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  1020 
  (1882); 
  

   South, 
  " 
  Ent.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  33 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  \xii.. 
  pp. 
  29, 
  103 
  (188;)) 
  ; 
  Leech, 
  " 
  Brit, 
  Pyr„" 
  

   etc., 
  pi. 
  xvi., 
  fig. 
  7 
  (1886); 
  Tutt, 
  " 
  Young 
  Nat.," 
  xi., 
  p. 
  179 
  (1890): 
  "Pter. 
  Brit.," 
  

  

  