﻿172 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  cover 
  attached 
  to 
  it. 
  The 
  transverse 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  thoracic 
  pieces 
  are 
  

   less 
  regular 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  but 
  are 
  probably 
  homologous 
  with 
  

   them 
  though 
  they 
  look 
  at 
  first 
  glance 
  different. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  flanges 
  are 
  

   wide 
  apart 
  on 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  mesothorax 
  and 
  have 
  a 
  hair 
  (representing 
  

   tubercle 
  i) 
  internal 
  to 
  them, 
  and 
  one 
  (ii 
  ?) 
  on 
  the 
  ridge 
  ; 
  at 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  

   this 
  segment 
  they 
  nearly 
  coalesce, 
  are 
  ill-marked 
  on 
  metathorax, 
  and 
  more 
  

   definite 
  where 
  they 
  separate 
  on 
  the 
  1st, 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segments. 
  

   The 
  sculpturing 
  of 
  an 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  (say 
  the 
  5th) 
  is 
  very 
  similar 
  

   to 
  that 
  of 
  many 
  other 
  plumes. 
  The 
  whole 
  surface 
  is 
  pitted 
  with 
  very 
  

   minute 
  fossae, 
  longest 
  in 
  the 
  transverse 
  direction 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  intersegmental 
  

   subsegment 
  and 
  the 
  intersegmental 
  membrane 
  proper 
  these 
  are 
  

   arranged 
  in 
  transverse 
  rows 
  so 
  closely 
  together 
  as 
  to 
  look 
  very 
  like 
  the 
  

   hexagonal 
  cells 
  on 
  many 
  eggs 
  of 
  lepidoptera, 
  the 
  space 
  between 
  the 
  

   pits 
  being 
  merely 
  fine 
  raised 
  lines 
  like 
  the 
  network 
  on 
  an 
  egg. 
  What 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  intersegmental 
  membrane 
  proper 
  is 
  more 
  delicate 
  and 
  

   has 
  the 
  network 
  rather 
  finer. 
  The 
  pits 
  are 
  about 
  0-008mm. 
  in 
  trans- 
  

   verse, 
  O004mm. 
  in 
  longitudinal, 
  diameter. 
  On 
  the 
  forward 
  two-thirds 
  

   of 
  the 
  segment, 
  there 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  number 
  (about 
  16 
  or 
  18) 
  of 
  transverse 
  

   ridges 
  (the 
  pits 
  not 
  only 
  lie 
  between 
  these, 
  but 
  form 
  a 
  continuous 
  

   sculpture 
  right 
  over 
  them, 
  as 
  if, 
  as 
  is 
  probable, 
  these 
  ridges 
  were 
  not 
  

   sculpturing 
  but 
  actual 
  flutings 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  pupal 
  shell). 
  

   These 
  fine 
  ridges 
  appear 
  to 
  run 
  right 
  across 
  the 
  segment, 
  but, 
  as 
  an 
  

   actual 
  fact, 
  they 
  die 
  out 
  (intermediate 
  ones 
  appearing) 
  after 
  a 
  length 
  

   never 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  fifth 
  or 
  sixth 
  of 
  the 
  circumference 
  of 
  the 
  segment. 
  

   There 
  is 
  no 
  dorsal 
  ridge 
  on 
  these 
  segments, 
  yet 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  slight 
  

   angulation 
  in 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  tubercle 
  i. 
  The 
  tubercles 
  carry 
  a 
  minute 
  

   bristle 
  (O02mm.), 
  i 
  and 
  iii 
  between 
  about 
  the 
  6th 
  and 
  7th 
  ridges, 
  and 
  

   ii 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  but 
  one. 
  The 
  spiracle 
  is 
  an 
  inconspicuous 
  

   circle 
  (or 
  set 
  of 
  concentric 
  circles) 
  about 
  0-06mm. 
  in 
  diameter, 
  which 
  

   a 
  little 
  disarranges 
  the 
  ridges, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  

   number 
  before 
  and 
  behind 
  it. 
  Behind 
  the 
  spiracle 
  is 
  a 
  certain 
  

   rearrangement 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  ridges, 
  which 
  sweep 
  a 
  little 
  backwards 
  

   and 
  then 
  forwards, 
  two 
  finally 
  passing 
  forward 
  and 
  a 
  little 
  upward 
  

   under 
  the 
  spiracle 
  and 
  thus 
  crossing 
  the 
  others, 
  and, 
  possibly, 
  represent- 
  

   ing 
  one 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  flange, 
  another 
  portion 
  of 
  which, 
  perhaps, 
  

   exists 
  in 
  another 
  doubtful 
  ridge 
  below 
  this 
  one 
  ; 
  tubercles 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  are 
  

   on 
  or 
  just 
  above 
  this 
  lower 
  portion, 
  v 
  just 
  in 
  line 
  of 
  spiracle, 
  iv 
  lower 
  

   and 
  further 
  back 
  ; 
  tubercle 
  vi 
  carries 
  a 
  solitary 
  hair, 
  about 
  two 
  ridges 
  

   from 
  the 
  posterior 
  border 
  ; 
  the 
  three 
  bristles 
  of 
  tubercle 
  vii 
  are 
  as 
  

   in 
  the 
  larva. 
  The 
  scar 
  of 
  proleg 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  a 
  slight 
  tangle 
  of 
  the 
  

   ridges, 
  with 
  a 
  slightly 
  raised 
  dark 
  mark 
  (Chapman). 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  In 
  Britain, 
  this 
  species 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  on 
  the 
  

   wing 
  from 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  continues 
  throughout 
  July. 
  

   Mann 
  notes 
  it 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  in 
  the 
  Pisa 
  district, 
  a 
  

   record, 
  however, 
  that 
  Zeller 
  seems 
  to 
  doubt, 
  although 
  he 
  notes 
  the 
  

   specimens 
  as 
  being 
  accurately 
  determined. 
  In 
  Germany, 
  iu 
  the 
  low- 
  

   lands, 
  it 
  flies 
  from 
  early 
  June 
  into 
  July, 
  in 
  the 
  mountains 
  from 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  July 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  August 
  (Hofmann) 
  ; 
  early 
  June 
  in 
  Hesse 
  

   (Rossler) 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  early 
  August 
  in 
  Waldeck 
  (Speyer) 
  ; 
  in 
  July 
  

   in 
  Brandenburg 
  (Kretschmer), 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Harz 
  (Hoffmann) 
  ; 
  

   June 
  to 
  August 
  in 
  Baden 
  (Meess 
  and 
  Spuler) 
  ; 
  July 
  8th 
  on 
  the 
  

   Sommering 
  in 
  Styria 
  (Boeslerstamm) 
  ; 
  in 
  Switzerland, 
  from 
  the 
  com- 
  

   mencement 
  of 
  June 
  into 
  July 
  at 
  Zurich, 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  at 
  Samaden, 
  

   commencement 
  of 
  August 
  on 
  the 
  Bergli 
  Alp 
  (Frey) 
  ; 
  in 
  Scandinavia 
  it 
  

  

  