﻿FREDERICINA 
  CALODACTYLA. 
  178 
  

  

  varies 
  much, 
  not 
  althogether 
  depending 
  upon 
  latitude, 
  as 
  it 
  occurs 
  from 
  

   mid- 
  June 
  to 
  early 
  August 
  at 
  Tromso 
  ; 
  July 
  to 
  mid-August 
  in 
  the 
  

   northern 
  coast 
  mountains 
  of 
  Lapland, 
  from 
  July 
  26th 
  to 
  August 
  

   8th 
  at 
  Bossekop, 
  near 
  Alten 
  (Zetterstedt) 
  ; 
  middle 
  of 
  June 
  to 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  August 
  in 
  Finland 
  (Tengstrom) 
  ; 
  from 
  June 
  21st 
  to 
  

   August 
  1st 
  in 
  the 
  Eiga 
  district 
  (Teich). 
  We 
  have 
  very 
  few 
  exact 
  

   dates 
  of 
  capture 
  of 
  this 
  species; 
  the 
  following 
  are 
  all 
  we 
  can 
  muster: 
  — 
  

   July 
  16th, 
  1840, 
  between 
  Suul 
  and 
  Kongstue 
  (Zetterstedt 
  teste 
  Zeller) 
  ; 
  

   July 
  10th, 
  1847, 
  and 
  throughout 
  the 
  month 
  in 
  the 
  Eiesen 
  Gebirge 
  

   (Standfuss) 
  ; 
  July 
  13th, 
  1860, 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Scaaddavara, 
  Finmark 
  

   (Wocke) 
  ; 
  June 
  1st, 
  1862, 
  in 
  the 
  pinewood, 
  south 
  of 
  Dotzheim 
  (Rossler) 
  ; 
  

   July 
  28th, 
  1879, 
  at 
  Kerasdere, 
  Amasia 
  (Staudinger) 
  ; 
  June 
  11th, 
  1883, 
  

   and 
  August 
  2nd, 
  1884, 
  at 
  Tromso 
  (Schneider); 
  July 
  22nd, 
  1897, 
  

   in 
  the 
  Ustedal 
  in 
  Hoi, 
  and 
  August 
  5th, 
  1897, 
  at 
  Aal 
  (Strand) 
  ; 
  mid- 
  

   July, 
  1900, 
  at 
  Pontresina 
  (Chapman). 
  In 
  Britain, 
  there 
  are 
  records 
  from 
  

   June 
  llth-July 
  1st, 
  1881, 
  July 
  4th-18th, 
  1884, 
  in 
  North 
  Devon 
  (South) 
  ; 
  

   imago 
  bred 
  mid-June, 
  1904, 
  from 
  larva 
  found 
  in 
  Raindean 
  Wood 
  

   that 
  pupated 
  May 
  26th, 
  1904 
  (Chapman) 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  June 
  20th, 
  

   1904, 
  at 
  Folkestone 
  (Purdey). 
  

  

  Habits. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  was 
  first 
  found 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  British 
  fauna 
  

   in 
  July, 
  1855, 
  when 
  several 
  specimens 
  were 
  taken 
  near 
  Lynmouth 
  

   by 
  Boyd. 
  Barrett 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  imagines 
  inhabit 
  woods 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  

   of 
  England, 
  flying 
  along 
  their 
  broad 
  grassy 
  paths, 
  or 
  open 
  spaces, 
  but 
  

   the 
  species 
  is 
  extremely 
  local, 
  found 
  among 
  golden-rod 
  but 
  not 
  among 
  

   any 
  species 
  of 
  ragwort. 
  He 
  further 
  states 
  that 
  Zeller 
  told 
  him 
  that, 
  in 
  

   Germany 
  and 
  the 
  Alps 
  of 
  Central 
  Europe, 
  the 
  species 
  accompanied 
  

   Hellinsia 
  osteodactyla, 
  a 
  well-known 
  Solidago 
  feeder, 
  " 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  two 
  

   species 
  belonged 
  together." 
  These 
  are 
  practically 
  its 
  habits 
  in 
  Raindean 
  

   Wood 
  near 
  Folkestone, 
  where 
  it 
  occurs 
  with 
  Adkinia 
  bipunctidactyla, 
  

   Hellinsia 
  osteodactyla 
  and 
  Leioptilus 
  tephradactyla, 
  being 
  disturbed 
  by 
  

   day 
  from 
  the 
  long 
  grass 
  and 
  other 
  plants 
  by 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  ridings 
  

   where 
  Solidago 
  virgaurea 
  grows, 
  and 
  flying 
  more 
  freely 
  in 
  the 
  late 
  

   afternoon 
  and 
  evening. 
  South 
  found 
  specimens 
  near 
  Lynmouth 
  by 
  

   stirring 
  herbage 
  during 
  the 
  day. 
  Standfuss 
  gives 
  (Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Zeitq., 
  

   1848, 
  p. 
  156) 
  a 
  most 
  interesting 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  

   the 
  Eiesen 
  Gebirge 
  in 
  July, 
  1847, 
  observing 
  that 
  it 
  appeared 
  to 
  fly 
  in 
  

   little 
  companies, 
  as 
  he 
  found, 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time, 
  some 
  eight 
  or' 
  ten 
  

   specimens 
  skipping 
  about 
  together 
  over 
  the 
  low 
  herbage, 
  then 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  

   not 
  one 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  seen, 
  until 
  another 
  little 
  company 
  was 
  discovered. 
  

   F. 
  nem 
  oralis, 
  he 
  says, 
  is 
  certainly 
  a 
  distinct 
  species 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  found 
  

   with 
  F. 
  calodactyla 
  (zetterstedtii) 
  on 
  the 
  hill-summits, 
  but 
  both 
  were 
  

   observed 
  flying 
  together 
  lower 
  down, 
  and 
  were 
  then 
  noticed 
  to 
  be 
  

   distinctly 
  different 
  in 
  their 
  habits, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  size. 
  The 
  latter, 
  he 
  

   says, 
  is 
  a 
  lively 
  species 
  for 
  an 
  Alucitid, 
  flies 
  freely 
  by 
  day 
  in 
  bright 
  

   weather, 
  and 
  again 
  later 
  just 
  at 
  the 
  very 
  first 
  shades 
  of 
  evening, 
  and 
  

   is 
  always 
  easily 
  disturbed 
  ; 
  the 
  much 
  rarer 
  F. 
  nem 
  oralis, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  

   hand, 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  sluggish; 
  it 
  was 
  scarcely 
  ever 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  even 
  

   by 
  the 
  most 
  diligent 
  searching, 
  throughout 
  the 
  day-time— 
  from 
  early 
  

   morn 
  until 
  darkness 
  had 
  set 
  in 
  — 
  and 
  those 
  seen 
  allowed 
  themselves 
  to 
  be 
  

   readily 
  picked 
  off 
  without 
  attempt 
  to 
  escape, 
  or 
  fell 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  : 
  

   one, 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  evening, 
  made 
  a, 
  ponderous 
  attempt 
  to 
  escape 
  hv 
  Qighfc. 
  

   He 
  further 
  notes 
  that 
  the 
  plant 
  among 
  which 
  /•'. 
  nemoralis 
  hides 
  is 
  

   exclusively 
  Senecio 
  nemorensis, 
  (o 
  the 
  blossoms, 
  leaves 
  and 
  stalks 
  of 
  

   which 
  it 
  clings, 
  but 
  F. 
  zetterstedtii 
  hides 
  among 
  many 
  different 
  plants. 
  

  

  