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  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  species 
  by 
  the 
  very 
  short 
  frontal 
  tuft, 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  distinctly 
  observed 
  

   in 
  quite 
  fresh 
  specimens 
  when 
  viewed 
  in 
  profile, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  by 
  the 
  white 
  

   coloration 
  with 
  its 
  brownish-grey 
  shading, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  pure 
  white 
  

   transverse 
  bands, 
  one 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  fissure, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  across 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  lobes." 
  

  

  Ovum. 
  — 
  The 
  egg 
  is 
  pale 
  green 
  and 
  smooth 
  in 
  outline, 
  forming 
  a 
  

   somewhat 
  elongated 
  ovoid 
  (Gartner). 
  

  

  Habits 
  of 
  larva. 
  — 
  Gartner 
  first 
  discovered 
  the 
  larvae 
  in 
  July, 
  

   living 
  in 
  the 
  dried 
  pith 
  of 
  the 
  flowerstalks 
  of 
  Onaphalium 
  dioicum 
  ; 
  

   they 
  were 
  then 
  exceedingly 
  minute, 
  and 
  repeated 
  observation 
  convinced 
  

   him 
  that 
  they 
  made 
  little 
  growth 
  during 
  the 
  autumn, 
  and 
  he 
  was 
  

   much 
  astonished 
  that, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  their 
  small 
  size, 
  they 
  had 
  grown 
  

   very 
  considerably 
  by 
  the 
  earliest 
  days 
  of 
  spring. 
  Search 
  in 
  the 
  old 
  

   flower-shoots 
  showed 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  had 
  vacated 
  these 
  before 
  winter 
  

   was 
  over, 
  and 
  the 
  fresh 
  shoots 
  showed 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  being 
  inhabited. 
  

   The 
  withered 
  central 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  newly-grown 
  central 
  shoots, 
  

   however, 
  gave 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  larval 
  attack 
  ; 
  these 
  leaves 
  were 
  

   easily 
  detached 
  and 
  showed 
  the 
  larva 
  at 
  work 
  within. 
  He 
  says 
  that 
  

   as 
  the 
  larva 
  confines 
  itself 
  to 
  this 
  portion, 
  it 
  is 
  obliged 
  frequently 
  to 
  

   seek 
  a 
  fresh 
  plant, 
  but, 
  when 
  the 
  plants 
  are 
  more 
  developed 
  and 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  have 
  grown 
  older, 
  they 
  draw 
  together 
  the 
  central 
  leaves 
  with 
  silk 
  

   threads, 
  and 
  penetrate 
  more 
  deeply 
  into 
  the 
  substance 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  

   whilst 
  the 
  black-brown 
  excrement 
  is 
  collected 
  on 
  an 
  outer 
  leaf 
  and 
  

   betrays 
  the 
  larval 
  abode. 
  " 
  The 
  larva 
  bores 
  in 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  its 
  foodplant 
  

   and 
  lives 
  until 
  the 
  winter 
  in 
  the 
  pith 
  of 
  the 
  smaller 
  stems" 
  (Sorhagen), 
  

   or 
  in 
  the 
  flowering 
  shoot, 
  hybernating 
  young, 
  in 
  the 
  withered 
  flower- 
  

   stalks, 
  entering, 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  early 
  spring, 
  the 
  shoot 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  plant, 
  

   which 
  it 
  eats 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  root 
  ; 
  the 
  small, 
  still 
  folded, 
  terminal 
  leaves 
  

   of 
  this 
  shoot 
  remain 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  in 
  position 
  in 
  a 
  withered 
  or 
  dried-up 
  

   state, 
  even 
  when 
  the 
  larva 
  has 
  already 
  left 
  its 
  first 
  dwelling 
  ; 
  it 
  then 
  

   goes 
  into 
  the 
  still 
  little-developed 
  flower-bud 
  which 
  is 
  yet 
  on 
  a 
  short 
  

   stalk 
  and 
  folded 
  up 
  into 
  a 
  thick 
  knob, 
  and 
  on 
  which 
  there 
  is 
  outwardly 
  

   not 
  much 
  or 
  mostly 
  nothing 
  at 
  all 
  to 
  reveal 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  a 
  larva, 
  

   unless 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  a 
  few 
  grains 
  of 
  excrement, 
  or 
  a 
  somewhat 
  miser- 
  

   able 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  bud, 
  betray 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  a 
  larva 
  (Hofmann). 
  

  

  Larva. 
  — 
  First 
  instar 
  : 
  Head, 
  thoracic 
  and 
  anal 
  shields 
  black 
  ; 
  body 
  

   yellowish-white 
  with 
  single 
  hairs. 
  Hybernatinci 
  stage 
  (September) 
  : 
  

   As 
  before, 
  but 
  with 
  dorsal 
  and 
  lateral 
  rows 
  of 
  rust-brown. 
  After 
  

   hybernation 
  (March) 
  : 
  Stouter, 
  but 
  not 
  much 
  increased 
  in 
  length. 
  

   Head, 
  thoracic 
  and 
  anal 
  shields 
  dark 
  brown 
  ; 
  dorsal 
  stripe 
  crimson 
  

   rust-colour, 
  consisting 
  of 
  triangular 
  spots 
  ; 
  the 
  subdorsal 
  and 
  lateral 
  

   lines 
  similar, 
  but 
  finer 
  or 
  more 
  delicate. 
  The 
  ground 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  

   body 
  yellowish 
  above 
  and 
  rust-red 
  beneath. 
  Final 
  instar: 
  In 
  shape 
  

   cylindrical, 
  slightly 
  narrower 
  at 
  each 
  end. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  small 
  and 
  

   black, 
  the 
  thoracic 
  shield 
  yellowish-white, 
  with 
  a 
  small, 
  black 
  dorsal 
  

   area 
  divided 
  by 
  a 
  pale 
  line. 
  The 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  dark 
  ferruginous- 
  

   brown. 
  On 
  the 
  dorsum 
  of 
  each 
  segment 
  stand 
  whitish 
  spots, 
  each 
  

   with 
  two 
  pairs 
  of 
  black 
  dots 
  (tubercles), 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  hinder 
  pair 
  are 
  

   placed 
  farther 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  than 
  those 
  in 
  front; 
  similar 
  dots 
  

   (tubercles) 
  occur 
  on 
  the 
  sides, 
  from 
  which 
  arise 
  long 
  pale 
  hairs. 
  The 
  

   anal 
  shield 
  and 
  legs 
  are 
  dark 
  brown. 
  The 
  larvae 
  frequently 
  vary 
  in 
  the 
  

   depth 
  of 
  their 
  colour 
  (Gartner). 
  

  

  