﻿180 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  Herrich-Schaffer 
  says 
  that 
  Mann 
  also 
  found 
  it 
  well 
  out 
  in 
  April 
  in 
  

   the 
  Vienna 
  district 
  among 
  spindle 
  (!). 
  [Milliere 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  doubt 
  

   about 
  the 
  insect 
  which 
  he 
  says 
  occurs 
  around 
  Cannes 
  in 
  April-June 
  

   and 
  September 
  ; 
  we 
  suspect 
  he 
  is 
  referring 
  to 
  some 
  other 
  species.] 
  

   In 
  Germany, 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  June 
  at 
  Tantow 
  in 
  Pomerania 
  (Biittner) 
  ; 
  

   in 
  May 
  and 
  early 
  June 
  in 
  Hesse 
  (Bossier) 
  ; 
  mid-May 
  and 
  early 
  

   June, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  early 
  August 
  (erroneously 
  suggesting 
  a 
  second 
  

   brood), 
  at 
  Wildungen 
  (Speyer) 
  ; 
  in 
  June 
  in 
  Silesia 
  (Wocke) 
  ; 
  also 
  at 
  the 
  

   commencement 
  of 
  July 
  on 
  the 
  Silesian 
  mountains, 
  and 
  from 
  about 
  

   June 
  9th 
  to 
  mid-July 
  in 
  the 
  Albula 
  district, 
  on 
  the 
  Knieholzdreieck 
  

   and 
  behind 
  Chiaclavuot 
  (Zeller) 
  ; 
  the 
  last 
  third 
  of 
  May 
  near 
  Begensburg 
  

   (Schmid) 
  ; 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  July 
  near 
  Munich 
  (Hartmann) 
  ; 
  also 
  in 
  June 
  

   and 
  July 
  in 
  Baden 
  (Meess 
  and 
  Spuler) 
  ; 
  but 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  in 
  

   Wiirtemburg 
  (SteudelandHofmann) 
  ; 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  commencement 
  

   of 
  June 
  in 
  Moravia, 
  near 
  Briinn 
  (Gartner); 
  and 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  in 
  the 
  

   Modling 
  district 
  (Mann). 
  In 
  the 
  Baltic 
  Provinces 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  in 
  

   May 
  at 
  Kurtenhof 
  (Teich). 
  In 
  Switzerland 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  

   through 
  June 
  and 
  July, 
  according 
  to 
  elevation, 
  e.g., 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  

   early 
  August 
  at 
  Samaden, 
  at 
  6000 
  feet 
  elevation, 
  June 
  in 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Bhone 
  Valley, 
  and 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  at 
  Wiirenlos 
  (Frey) 
  ; 
  similarly 
  it 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  in 
  south 
  and 
  central 
  Sweden 
  (Wallengren), 
  

   but 
  from 
  mid-June 
  to 
  mid-August 
  at 
  the 
  higher 
  latitudes 
  of 
  northern 
  

   Europe, 
  e.g., 
  Uleaborg 
  in 
  Finland 
  (Tengstrom), 
  etc. 
  The 
  only 
  exact 
  

   dates 
  of 
  appearance 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  collect 
  are 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  

   May 
  23rd, 
  1861, 
  and 
  following 
  days, 
  near 
  Briinn 
  (Gartner); 
  June 
  5th, 
  

   1866, 
  above 
  the 
  Faisanderie, 
  in 
  Hesse 
  (Bossier) 
  ; 
  June 
  9th-mid- 
  July, 
  

   1871, 
  1873, 
  1875, 
  in 
  the 
  Ober-Albula 
  district 
  (Zeller) 
  ; 
  July 
  10th, 
  1890, 
  

   July 
  7th, 
  1891, 
  at 
  Tromso 
  (Schneider) 
  ; 
  July 
  23rd, 
  lb97, 
  at 
  Sund-dal, 
  

   common, 
  on 
  August 
  2nd, 
  1897, 
  near 
  Aal, 
  in 
  the 
  Votndal, 
  July 
  20th- 
  

   August 
  7th, 
  1902, 
  at 
  Erfjord 
  (Strand); 
  June 
  17th, 
  19th, 
  1871, 
  in 
  

   Scott's 
  Valley, 
  California 
  (Walsingham) 
  ; 
  July 
  29th, 
  1903, 
  on 
  Bear 
  

   Lake 
  Mountain 
  ; 
  August 
  11th, 
  1903, 
  on 
  Kokanee 
  Mountain, 
  near 
  

   Kaslo, 
  in 
  British 
  Columbia 
  (Dyar). 
  

  

  Habits. 
  — 
  Little 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  this 
  species. 
  Kane 
  observes 
  

   that 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  taken 
  at 
  Clonbrock, 
  flying 
  in 
  the 
  sunshine 
  to 
  the 
  flowers 
  

   of 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  Gnaphaliiun 
  on 
  a 
  dry 
  bank 
  alongside 
  a 
  bog, 
  and 
  later 
  

   adds 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  easily 
  disturbed 
  from 
  among 
  its 
  foodplant 
  on 
  a 
  sunny 
  day 
  

   in 
  Galway. 
  Barrett 
  adds 
  that 
  it 
  flies 
  in 
  the 
  late 
  afternoon 
  and 
  evening 
  

   among 
  Gnaphalium 
  by 
  roadside 
  and 
  dry 
  banks 
  at 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  bogs. 
  

   Gartner 
  says 
  that 
  this 
  little 
  plume 
  lives 
  gregariously 
  in 
  the 
  Schriebwald, 
  

   near 
  Briinn, 
  and 
  swarms 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  June 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  evening 
  round 
  

   the 
  blossoms 
  of 
  Gnaphalium 
  dioicum, 
  and 
  is 
  sometimes 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  sitting 
  

   on 
  these 
  plants 
  in 
  copula. 
  The 
  same 
  habits 
  were 
  observed 
  in 
  other 
  

   wooded 
  places 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Gnaphalium 
  occurred, 
  and 
  this 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  

   later 
  discovery 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  and 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  insect. 
  In 
  confinement, 
  

   the 
  moths, 
  at 
  rest 
  during 
  the 
  daytime, 
  become 
  lively 
  at 
  dusk, 
  without, 
  

   however, 
  showing 
  much 
  desire 
  to 
  breed, 
  for 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  pairing- 
  

   was 
  obtained. 
  Some 
  six 
  years 
  before 
  Gartner 
  discovered 
  the 
  life- 
  

   history 
  of 
  these 
  insects, 
  Herrich-S 
  charier 
  noted 
  that 
  the 
  imagines 
  

   flew 
  gregariously 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  places 
  

   about 
  Batisbon, 
  especially 
  above 
  and 
  beyond 
  the 
  Tegernheimer 
  Keller, 
  

   on 
  wooded 
  pastures 
  where 
  much 
  Hieracium 
  pilosella 
  grows, 
  although 
  

   he 
  added 
  " 
  the 
  larva 
  most 
  possibly 
  feeds 
  on 
  Gnaphalium 
  . 
  " 
  Borgmann 
  

   observes 
  that, 
  in. 
  June, 
  the 
  imagines 
  fly 
  slowly 
  among 
  grass 
  towards 
  

  

  