﻿198 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  if 
  it 
  were 
  tending 
  to 
  form 
  similar 
  triangles. 
  Ventrally, 
  each 
  segment 
  

   has 
  a 
  central 
  blackish 
  shade, 
  and, 
  outside 
  this, 
  a 
  wide 
  shade 
  sloping 
  

   outwards 
  and 
  downwards. 
  The 
  bloom 
  is 
  visible 
  wherever 
  the 
  surface 
  

   is 
  dark 
  enough 
  to 
  show 
  it 
  up. 
  The 
  pen-like 
  anal 
  spike 
  is 
  fringed 
  by 
  a 
  

   fine 
  fan 
  of 
  rich 
  brown-coloured 
  hairs, 
  with 
  hooked 
  extremities, 
  perhaps 
  

   14 
  to 
  18 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  ; 
  underneath 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  is 
  

   only 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  small 
  hairs 
  of 
  this 
  character. 
  Each 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  is 
  

   divided 
  into 
  two 
  portions 
  by 
  a 
  ridge 
  encircling 
  it. 
  In 
  front 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  

   the 
  segment 
  proper, 
  about 
  *6 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  segment 
  ; 
  behind 
  it, 
  is 
  the 
  

   intersegmental 
  membrane 
  ; 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  invaded 
  in 
  

   extreme 
  flexion, 
  and 
  is 
  also 
  probably 
  segment 
  proper, 
  but 
  the 
  line 
  

   separating 
  this 
  from 
  the 
  real 
  intersegmental 
  membrane 
  is 
  not 
  easily 
  

   made 
  out. 
  This 
  ridge 
  is 
  nearly 
  evanescent 
  ventrally 
  ; 
  laterally 
  it 
  

   carries 
  several 
  short 
  but 
  sharp 
  spines, 
  probably 
  of 
  use 
  in 
  fixing 
  the 
  

   pupa 
  during 
  emergence 
  ; 
  the 
  longest 
  and 
  largest 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  just 
  

   ventral 
  to 
  the 
  spiracle, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  others 
  ventral 
  to 
  this 
  one, 
  on 
  

   either 
  side, 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  double 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  two 
  (on 
  either 
  

   side) 
  dorsal 
  to 
  the 
  larger 
  one. 
  Of 
  the 
  pupae 
  examined, 
  the 
  $ 
  s 
  are 
  dark, 
  

   the 
  $ 
  s 
  the 
  paler. 
  This 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  pupae, 
  whose 
  larvae 
  had 
  spun 
  up 
  in 
  leaves 
  

   of 
  Senecio, 
  but, 
  of 
  some 
  cocooned 
  in 
  paper, 
  all 
  are 
  paler 
  than 
  any 
  

   pupating 
  in 
  Senecio, 
  though 
  still 
  much 
  overlaid 
  by 
  black 
  markings. 
  

   In 
  a 
  distinctly 
  pale 
  one, 
  the 
  wings 
  are 
  ochreous, 
  without 
  black 
  marking; 
  

   the 
  legs, 
  antennae, 
  etc., 
  are 
  darker 
  ochreous 
  with 
  darker 
  shading, 
  especially 
  

   towards 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thorax, 
  dorsally, 
  have 
  much 
  dark 
  marking, 
  

   except 
  the 
  mesothoracic 
  crests, 
  which 
  are 
  pale 
  ; 
  the 
  dorsal 
  triangles 
  on 
  

   abdominal 
  segments, 
  the 
  subdorsal 
  blotchy 
  band, 
  the 
  spiracular 
  band 
  

   of 
  marbled 
  lines, 
  rather 
  almost 
  network, 
  a 
  sublateral 
  dark 
  line, 
  and 
  

   another 
  below 
  it, 
  and 
  the 
  ventral 
  triangulated 
  line 
  and 
  dots 
  are 
  all 
  

   very 
  distinctly 
  separate 
  on 
  an 
  ochreous 
  or 
  olive-ochreous 
  ground 
  colour 
  

   (Chapman). 
  The 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  strikingly 
  

   lighter 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  generation, 
  much 
  resembling 
  those 
  of 
  

   Crillmeria 
  pallidactyla 
  (bertrami) 
  (Stange). 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  apparently 
  wholly 
  double- 
  

   brooded, 
  occurring 
  first 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  August, 
  each 
  brood 
  

   lasting 
  over 
  three 
  weeks. 
  Also 
  double-brooded 
  in 
  Friedland, 
  occurring 
  

   in 
  June 
  and 
  August 
  (Stange). 
  Chapman 
  observes 
  that, 
  at 
  Puerto 
  de 
  

   Pajares, 
  in 
  Spain, 
  between 
  July 
  12th-16th, 
  1904, 
  the 
  imagines 
  were 
  

   fairly 
  abundant 
  ; 
  eggs 
  were 
  laid 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  fed 
  up 
  rapidly 
  in 
  con- 
  

   finement 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  food 
  lasted, 
  but 
  finally 
  the 
  larvae 
  died 
  when 
  nearly 
  

   fullgrown, 
  on 
  August 
  10th, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  pupating 
  ; 
  no 
  doubt 
  

   these 
  would 
  have 
  produced 
  moths 
  in 
  the 
  ordinary 
  course 
  about 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  August, 
  in 
  time 
  to 
  lay 
  eggs 
  to 
  produce 
  hybernating 
  larvae. 
  The 
  

   species 
  has, 
  therefore, 
  at 
  Pajares, 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  life-history 
  as 
  in 
  

   Britain, 
  but 
  is 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  weeks 
  later 
  in 
  the 
  season, 
  probably 
  passing 
  

   its 
  summer 
  stages 
  more 
  rapidly 
  (in 
  litt.) 
  . 
  Actual 
  recorded 
  dates 
  are 
  as 
  

   follows— 
  August 
  20th, 
  1879, 
  and 
  June 
  18th, 
  1880, 
  in 
  Friedland 
  (Stange) 
  ; 
  

   the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  June, 
  in 
  numbers, 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Eagle's 
  Nest 
  mountains 
  

   (Kane) 
  ; 
  June 
  18th, 
  1836, 
  at 
  Dorchester 
  (Dale) 
  ; 
  sparingly 
  August 
  10th, 
  

   1864, 
  and 
  preceding 
  days, 
  at 
  Cromaglaun 
  Glen 
  (Birchall) 
  ; 
  July, 
  1868, 
  

   at 
  Carmarthen 
  (Hearder) 
  ; 
  June 
  21st, 
  1871, 
  and 
  August 
  20th, 
  1871, 
  and 
  

   following 
  days, 
  on 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  Yare, 
  near 
  Norwich 
  (Barrett) 
  ; 
  

   imagines 
  bred 
  August 
  20th- 
  September 
  2nd, 
  1871, 
  others 
  again 
  bred 
  

   June 
  6th-16th, 
  1872, 
  all 
  from 
  larvae 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  Yare, 
  

  

  