﻿AMBLYPTILIA 
  COSMODACTYLA. 
  291 
  

  

  colouring, 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  quite 
  inconspicuous 
  ; 
  the 
  6th 
  abdominal 
  

   segment 
  has 
  the 
  largest, 
  the 
  5th 
  the 
  next 
  largest, 
  then 
  come 
  the 
  4th, 
  7th, 
  

   and 
  8th. 
  The 
  hairs 
  are 
  — 
  i 
  from 
  half 
  way 
  up 
  the 
  front, 
  ii 
  from 
  the 
  

   base 
  behind 
  ; 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  on 
  these 
  spines, 
  might 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  arising 
  

   from 
  the 
  same 
  base, 
  or, 
  as 
  on 
  separate 
  bases, 
  and 
  having 
  the 
  bases 
  

   connected 
  by 
  a 
  ridge 
  or 
  flange 
  ; 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  abdominals 
  might 
  

   be 
  described 
  as 
  having 
  the 
  same 
  structures, 
  but 
  so 
  reduced 
  as 
  to 
  

   amount 
  to 
  merely 
  slight 
  irregularities 
  on 
  the 
  flanges 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  

   occur. 
  These 
  flanges 
  are 
  also 
  marked 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  pupa; 
  they 
  are 
  

   raised 
  ridges, 
  or 
  crests, 
  running 
  from 
  the 
  anterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  

   mesothorax 
  to 
  the 
  spine 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment. 
  At 
  the 
  spine 
  of 
  the 
  

   3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  they 
  cease, 
  there 
  being 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  them 
  on 
  

   the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  behind 
  the 
  spine, 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  following 
  

   segments, 
  either 
  before 
  or 
  behind. 
  On 
  the 
  highest 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  

   mesothorax 
  they 
  rather 
  suddenly 
  approximate, 
  and 
  form 
  a 
  high 
  

   double 
  crest, 
  with 
  a 
  somewhat 
  abrupt 
  slope 
  in 
  front. 
  As 
  the 
  trans- 
  

   verse 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  segments 
  (subsegmentation 
  ?) 
  pass 
  over 
  them, 
  they 
  

   produce 
  a 
  finely-crenulated 
  margin. 
  The 
  general 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   has 
  little 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  thoracic 
  swelling, 
  characteristic 
  of 
  many 
  " 
  plumes," 
  

   but 
  has 
  some 
  appearance 
  of 
  it, 
  owing 
  to 
  this 
  mesothoracic 
  portion 
  of 
  

   the 
  ridge, 
  which 
  materially 
  raises 
  the 
  dorsum 
  here, 
  on 
  a 
  lateral 
  view. 
  

   Apart 
  from 
  the 
  spine 
  on 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  this 
  is 
  about 
  the 
  

   thickest 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  pupa, 
  and, 
  for 
  the 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  following 
  segments, 
  

   it 
  is 
  nearly 
  as 
  thick, 
  rapidly 
  dwindling 
  from 
  the 
  6th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  

   to 
  the 
  apex, 
  much 
  like 
  a 
  neatly-sharpened 
  pencil. 
  The 
  wing-cases 
  extend 
  

   to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  segments 
  ; 
  

   beyond 
  this, 
  the 
  pointed 
  apex 
  extends 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  

   abdominal 
  segment 
  (but 
  free 
  from 
  it) 
  , 
  when 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  contracted. 
  In 
  the 
  

   empty 
  pupa-case, 
  with 
  the 
  intersegmental 
  membranes 
  expanded, 
  the 
  

   apex 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  anterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  segment. 
  The 
  apices 
  

   of 
  the 
  wings 
  and 
  appendages, 
  in 
  the 
  living 
  pupa, 
  thus 
  form 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  

   sheath 
  from 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  segment. 
  When 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   bends 
  back, 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal, 
  of 
  course, 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  this 
  sheath, 
  and 
  

   stands 
  back 
  at 
  an 
  angle. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  appendage-case, 
  containing 
  

   the 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  pairs 
  of 
  legs, 
  and 
  maxillaa, 
  extends 
  further 
  as 
  a 
  straight 
  

   baton, 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  7th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  having 
  basally, 
  at 
  

   each 
  side, 
  the 
  pointed 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  wing-apex 
  (beyond 
  Poulton's 
  

   line) 
  as 
  a 
  strut 
  or 
  support; 
  its 
  length 
  is 
  about 
  half 
  a 
  segment. 
  Below 
  

   the 
  spiracles 
  (on 
  the 
  3rd, 
  4th, 
  5th, 
  6th, 
  7th, 
  and 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  

   segments) 
  is 
  a 
  lateral 
  flange, 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  the 
  longi- 
  

   tudinally 
  expanded 
  base 
  of 
  iv 
  + 
  v, 
  which 
  are 
  on 
  its 
  ridge, 
  and 
  bear 
  two 
  

   fine 
  hairs 
  pointing 
  forwards. 
  In 
  some 
  specimens, 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  look 
  as 
  if 
  on 
  

   a 
  similar 
  base 
  to 
  the 
  spines 
  supporting 
  i 
  and 
  ii. 
  Above 
  the 
  spiracle, 
  

   iii 
  also 
  points 
  forwards, 
  from 
  a 
  very 
  slightly-raised 
  whitish 
  base. 
  The 
  

   spiracles 
  (2nd 
  to 
  7th 
  abdominal) 
  are 
  easily 
  seen 
  as 
  pale 
  raised 
  dots, 
  with 
  

   a 
  minute, 
  central, 
  black 
  point 
  (in 
  specimen 
  examined, 
  but 
  the 
  colours 
  

   may 
  vary). 
  The 
  head-sculpturing 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  complex. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  blunt, 
  

   rounded 
  beak 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  clypeal 
  region, 
  then 
  the 
  antenna 
  presents 
  

   a 
  raised 
  crest, 
  which, 
  at 
  the 
  beginning, 
  is 
  in 
  line 
  with 
  the 
  dorsal 
  nests. 
  

   but 
  does 
  not 
  join 
  them, 
  and 
  passes 
  outwards 
  along 
  the 
  antenna 
  ;is 
  far 
  

   as 
  front 
  spiracle, 
  divided 
  into 
  two 
  parts 
  by 
  tin 
  1 
  joint 
  o( 
  the 
  flagelhim. 
  

   On 
  the 
  front 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  pupa, 
  (head, 
  prothorax, 
  and 
  front 
  of 
  mesothorax) 
  

   area 
  number 
  of 
  hairs 
  of 
  some 
  length 
  (0 
  * 
  3 
  mm., 
  and 
  0" 
  I 
  nun.) 
  and 
  stillness. 
  

  

  