﻿BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  of 
  these, 
  5 
  pairs 
  are 
  on 
  dorsal 
  ridges 
  and 
  flanges, 
  viz., 
  1 
  on 
  end 
  of 
  

   beak 
  (which 
  here 
  ranges 
  with 
  flanges), 
  1 
  on 
  antenna-base, 
  1 
  on 
  

   prothorax, 
  and 
  2 
  on 
  mesothorax. 
  Outside 
  these 
  are 
  four 
  pairs, 
  2 
  on 
  

   prothorax, 
  and 
  2 
  on 
  mesothorax. 
  The 
  two 
  waves 
  of 
  antennal 
  flanges 
  are 
  

   continued 
  by 
  the 
  basal 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  as 
  two 
  more 
  waves, 
  completing 
  

   the 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  pupa. 
  There 
  are 
  2 
  pairs 
  of 
  hairs 
  on 
  

   metathorax. 
  On 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  (the 
  3rd 
  and 
  onwards) 
  at 
  

   wing-bases, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  two 
  minute 
  ones 
  on 
  flanges, 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  

   dozen 
  or 
  more 
  (some 
  hid 
  under 
  segment 
  in 
  front) 
  fine 
  transverse 
  

   ridges 
  (subsegments 
  ?, 
  hardly, 
  as 
  they 
  anastomose 
  a 
  little) 
  ; 
  of 
  these, 
  about 
  

   6 
  are 
  crossed 
  by 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  spines 
  ; 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  posterior 
  

   6 
  ; 
  the 
  spine-bases 
  reaching 
  to 
  posterior 
  border 
  of 
  segment 
  (apart 
  from 
  

   intersegmentations) 
  (Chapman, 
  October 
  4th, 
  1901). 
  In 
  this, 
  as 
  in 
  many 
  

   other 
  "plume" 
  pupae, 
  in 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  mentioned 
  the 
  point 
  in 
  my 
  

   descriptions, 
  probably 
  as 
  being 
  too 
  familiar, 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  legs 
  

   at 
  their 
  upper 
  ends 
  abut 
  against 
  the 
  antenna, 
  which 
  makes 
  its 
  outward 
  

   sweep 
  rather 
  long 
  to 
  accommodate 
  them 
  ; 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  1st 
  leg 
  

   can 
  hardly 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  come 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  eye, 
  as 
  is 
  usual 
  in 
  most 
  pupae, 
  but 
  

   comes 
  up 
  past 
  it, 
  the 
  eye 
  being 
  not 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  leg, 
  but 
  beside 
  its 
  

   inner 
  border. 
  In 
  examining 
  a 
  dehisced 
  pupa, 
  various 
  points 
  may 
  be 
  

   noted, 
  not 
  easily 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  living 
  pupa. 
  The 
  spiracle-cover 
  of 
  the 
  

   mesothorax 
  is 
  a 
  short 
  domed 
  structure 
  covered 
  with 
  fine 
  ridges 
  and 
  

   abundant 
  spinelets, 
  though 
  these 
  look 
  as 
  if 
  soft 
  rather 
  than 
  hard. 
  The 
  

   dorsal 
  head-piece 
  is 
  practically 
  absent, 
  and 
  it 
  fails 
  very 
  often 
  to 
  carry 
  

   the 
  eye-piece, 
  which 
  very 
  frequently 
  remains 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  attached 
  to 
  

   the 
  head-piece. 
  The 
  ridges 
  on 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

   16 
  or 
  17 
  in 
  number, 
  but 
  are 
  difficult 
  to 
  count, 
  not 
  because 
  invisible, 
  

   but 
  from 
  not 
  being 
  persistent 
  for 
  any 
  length 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  sharp 
  and 
  

   narrow, 
  and 
  with 
  fluted 
  sides. 
  The 
  minute 
  sculpture 
  shows 
  the 
  whole 
  

   surface 
  to 
  be 
  formed 
  of 
  rounded 
  nodules, 
  and 
  the 
  ridges 
  consist 
  of 
  certain 
  

   of 
  these 
  raised 
  in 
  irregular 
  rows. 
  The 
  cremaster 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  forward 
  

   portion 
  on 
  the 
  bosses 
  beneath 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  each 
  of 
  

   which 
  carries 
  about 
  32 
  hooks, 
  about 
  0-2mm. 
  long, 
  and 
  terminating 
  in 
  a 
  

   fish-hook 
  point. 
  The 
  posterior 
  portion 
  is 
  beneath 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  

   cremastral 
  spine, 
  and 
  is 
  almost 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  ventral 
  surface, 
  hardly 
  

   any 
  hooks 
  being 
  on 
  the 
  margins, 
  as 
  is 
  so 
  regular 
  a 
  feature 
  in 
  Platyp- 
  

   tilia. 
  There 
  are 
  50 
  to 
  60 
  hooks 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  this 
  portion. 
  Qn 
  

   the 
  4th, 
  5th, 
  and 
  6th 
  abdominal 
  (the 
  3rd 
  is 
  covered 
  and 
  soft) 
  segments, 
  

   the 
  scars 
  of 
  the 
  prolegs 
  are 
  very 
  conspicuous, 
  oval, 
  brown 
  ridges, 
  paler 
  

   within, 
  as 
  if 
  hollow. 
  The 
  hindwing 
  passes 
  down 
  to 
  just 
  beyond 
  

   spiracle 
  on 
  the 
  2nd 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  (Chapman, 
  February 
  14th, 
  

   1906). 
  Hiibner 
  figured 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  (Raupen, 
  etc., 
  ix., 
  

   Aluc. 
  i., 
  pi. 
  C, 
  figs, 
  c-d) 
  and 
  reference 
  is 
  made 
  thereto 
  by 
  Stainton 
  

   (Ent. 
  Ann., 
  1856, 
  p. 
  59). 
  

  

  Colour 
  variation 
  in 
  pupa. 
  — 
  Among 
  the 
  many 
  intermediate 
  varieties, 
  

   some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  so 
  decidedly 
  olive 
  in 
  hue, 
  that 
  they 
  look 
  as 
  though 
  

   they 
  must 
  be 
  going 
  to 
  yield 
  punctidactyla, 
  Haw. 
  (acanthadactyla, 
  Hb.), 
  

   between 
  the 
  strongly-green 
  and 
  the 
  strongly-purple 
  pupae 
  of 
  cosmodac- 
  

   tyla, 
  Hb., 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  has 
  the 
  ground-colour 
  pure 
  

   cream-buff, 
  with 
  the 
  ordinary 
  oblique 
  dark 
  markings, 
  and 
  this 
  form 
  itself 
  

   includes 
  various 
  minor 
  varieties, 
  some 
  individuals 
  being 
  distinctly 
  

   tinged 
  with 
  green, 
  or 
  with 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  colours 
  towards 
  which 
  the 
  

  

  