﻿AMBLYPTILIA 
  COSMODACTYLA. 
  

  

  293 
  

  

  pupa 
  has 
  a 
  known 
  tendency. 
  The 
  pupa 
  becomes 
  very 
  dark 
  in 
  colour 
  

   before 
  the 
  escape 
  of 
  the 
  imago 
  (Bankes). 
  See 
  also 
  antea, 
  p. 
  289. 
  

  

  Similarity 
  of 
  coloration 
  of 
  larvae 
  and 
  pup^e 
  of 
  Amblyptilia 
  

   cosmodactyla 
  and 
  A. 
  punctidactyla. 
  — 
  In 
  the 
  Clee 
  Hill 
  district 
  of 
  

   Shropshire, 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  A. 
  punctidactyla 
  were 
  found 
  feeding 
  on 
  

   Stachys 
  sylvatica, 
  and 
  the 
  pupa 
  remained 
  suspended 
  to 
  the 
  spike 
  on 
  

   which 
  the 
  larva 
  had 
  fed 
  ; 
  subsequently, 
  at 
  Ooxton, 
  in 
  Norfolk, 
  larvae 
  

   that 
  appeared 
  precisely 
  similar, 
  were 
  found 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  plant, 
  

   and 
  eventually 
  suspended 
  themselves 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way, 
  yet 
  these 
  turned 
  

   out, 
  without 
  exception, 
  to 
  be 
  cosmodactyla, 
  Hb. 
  The 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  

   were 
  so 
  similar 
  that 
  the 
  characteristic 
  differences 
  must 
  be 
  very 
  slight 
  ; 
  

   both 
  were 
  green, 
  with 
  a 
  slight 
  purplish 
  tint 
  in 
  some 
  ; 
  both 
  slightly 
  

   hairy. 
  Larvae 
  since 
  taken 
  and 
  reared 
  by 
  a 
  friend 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  plant, 
  

   in 
  Dorsetshire, 
  produced 
  A. 
  punctidactyla. 
  From 
  this 
  it 
  is 
  assumed 
  

   that 
  A. 
  punctidactyla 
  is 
  often 
  overlooked, 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  

   mistaken 
  for 
  those 
  of 
  A. 
  cosmodactyla 
  (Williams). 
  Bankes, 
  however, 
  

   considers 
  this 
  assumption 
  erroneous, 
  urging 
  that 
  an 
  insect 
  so 
  rare 
  as 
  

   A. 
  punctidactyla 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  to 
  be, 
  by 
  his 
  extensive 
  experience 
  in 
  

   the 
  very 
  same 
  district 
  of 
  Dorset 
  as 
  yielded 
  the 
  larvae 
  alluded 
  to 
  by 
  

   Williams, 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  cannot 
  be 
  " 
  often 
  " 
  overlooked, 
  in 
  any 
  stage, 
  

   as 
  A. 
  cosmodactyla, 
  Hb. 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  early 
  March, 
  at 
  

   sallow 
  bloom, 
  and 
  on 
  until 
  June, 
  the 
  specimens 
  observed 
  during 
  this 
  period 
  

   having 
  probably 
  hybernated 
  ; 
  throughout 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  early 
  

   August 
  newly-emerged 
  imagines 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  obtained, 
  followed 
  by 
  another 
  

   brood 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  October, 
  the 
  individuals 
  of 
  which 
  hybernate 
  

   and 
  reappear 
  in 
  the 
  spring. 
  Early 
  specimens 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  in 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Europe, 
  e.g., 
  in 
  Portugal, 
  on 
  May 
  8th, 
  in 
  Morocco 
  in 
  April, 
  

   and 
  by 
  Mann, 
  at 
  Brussa, 
  in 
  May, 
  but 
  whether 
  hybernated, 
  or 
  freshly- 
  

   emerged, 
  is 
  not 
  determinable. 
  The 
  insect 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  recorded 
  for 
  May 
  

   and 
  July 
  in 
  Scandinavia. 
  In 
  central 
  Europe, 
  it 
  occurs 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  

   Britain 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  Auvergne 
  district, 
  Sand 
  notes 
  it 
  as 
  occurring 
  in 
  July 
  and 
  

   October, 
  hybernating 
  and 
  reappearing 
  in 
  March; 
  in 
  the 
  Dauphiny 
  

   Alps 
  we 
  found 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  1896, 
  at 
  nearly 
  5000ft. 
  

   elevation, 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  Piedmontese 
  Alps, 
  at 
  Bobbie, 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  

   1901. 
  In 
  Germany, 
  at 
  Stettin, 
  it 
  is 
  noted 
  only 
  in 
  late 
  autumn 
  and 
  

   spring 
  (after 
  hybernation) 
  (Biittner), 
  but 
  at 
  Hamburg, 
  from 
  June 
  to 
  

   September 
  (no 
  distinction 
  being 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  broods) 
  (Sauber) 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  

   Oberharz, 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  October 
  (Hoffmann) 
  ; 
  near 
  Wiesbaden, 
  

   in 
  August, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  October, 
  the 
  latter 
  brood 
  hybernating 
  

   (Kossler), 
  and 
  also 
  at 
  Frankfort-on-Main 
  (Koch) 
  ; 
  from 
  Brandenburg, 
  it 
  

   is 
  reported 
  in 
  June, 
  August, 
  and 
  end 
  of 
  October 
  (when 
  it 
  hybernates) 
  

   (Sorhagen) 
  ; 
  whilst 
  in 
  Silesia, 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  noted 
  in 
  late 
  August- 
  September, 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  (Moschler), 
  and, 
  at 
  Regensburg, 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  

   October, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  (Schmid); 
  in 
  Wiirttemberg 
  it 
  is 
  recorded 
  in 
  

   May, 
  and 
  August 
  to 
  October 
  (Steudel 
  and 
  Hofmann) 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  Baden, 
  

   in 
  July 
  and 
  early 
  August, 
  and 
  September, 
  hybernating 
  and 
  reappearingin 
  

   spring 
  (Meess 
  and 
  Spuler). 
  In 
  Switzerland, 
  Prey 
  records 
  it 
  as 
  double: 
  

   brooded, 
  July 
  (end)-August, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  Late 
  August- 
  September, 
  the 
  

   individuals 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  brood 
  hybernating. 
  Luff 
  observes 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Channel 
  Islands, 
  in 
  Guernsey, 
  it 
  appeared 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September, 
  

   1898. 
  Ash 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  "Selby" 
  moorland 
  examples 
  certainly 
  hyber- 
  

   nate, 
  for 
  he 
  takes 
  a 
  few 
  specimens 
  every 
  spring, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  abundant 
  

   in 
  August. 
  Barrett 
  says 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  

  

  