﻿318 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  anal 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe, 
  while 
  three 
  (sometimes 
  only- 
  

   two) 
  lie 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  coprodactylus* 
  Zell. 
  

  

  The 
  resting-habit 
  of 
  the 
  Stenoptiliids 
  is 
  somewhat 
  different 
  from 
  

   the 
  species 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  group 
  ; 
  they 
  usually 
  hang 
  loosely 
  from 
  a 
  grass 
  

   culm 
  or 
  plant 
  stem, 
  among 
  the 
  herbage 
  that 
  is 
  generally 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  

   their 
  haunts, 
  the 
  wings 
  not 
  stretched 
  out 
  at 
  full 
  length, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Platyp- 
  

   tiliines, 
  but 
  drawn 
  partly 
  back, 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  of 
  about 
  

   45° 
  with 
  the 
  body, 
  and 
  at 
  about 
  a 
  right 
  angle 
  with 
  each 
  other. 
  They 
  

   are 
  held 
  horizontally, 
  the 
  hindwings 
  beneath 
  the 
  forewings, 
  the 
  inner 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  bent 
  under 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  hide 
  the 
  former. 
  

  

  Genus 
  : 
  Adkinia, 
  Tutt. 
  

   Synonymy. 
  — 
  Genus: 
  Adkinia, 
  Tutt, 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Eec," 
  xvii., 
  p. 
  97 
  (190.5). 
  

   Phalaena, 
  Scop., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Cam.," 
  p. 
  257 
  (1762). 
  Alucita, 
  Vill., 
  "Linn. 
  Ent. 
  Fn. 
  

   Suec.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  535 
  (1789) 
  ; 
  Hb., 
  " 
  Schmett. 
  Eur.," 
  Aluc, 
  pi. 
  i., 
  fig. 
  3 
  (ante 
  1811); 
  

   Haw., 
  "Lep. 
  Brit.," 
  p. 
  476 
  (1811); 
  Treits., 
  "Die 
  Schmett.," 
  ix., 
  p. 
  240 
  (1833). 
  

   Pterophorus, 
  Sam., 
  "Ent. 
  Usef. 
  Comp.," 
  p. 
  409(1819); 
  Curt., 
  "Brit. 
  Ent.," 
  

   fo. 
  161 
  (1827) 
  ; 
  Dup., 
  "Hist. 
  Nat.," 
  xi., 
  pp. 
  661, 
  668 
  (1838); 
  Wood, 
  " 
  Ind. 
  End.," 
  

   p. 
  235, 
  pi. 
  Ii., 
  fig. 
  1629 
  (1829) 
  ; 
  Zell., 
  "Isis," 
  p. 
  837 
  (1841) 
  ; 
  Dup., 
  " 
  Cat. 
  Meth.," 
  

   p. 
  382 
  (1844); 
  Zell., 
  "Isis," 
  pp. 
  38, 
  904 
  (1847) 
  ; 
  "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi., 
  pp. 
  361, 
  364 
  

   (1852) 
  ; 
  H.-Sch., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  pp. 
  375, 
  376 
  (1855) 
  ; 
  Frey, 
  "Die 
  Tin.," 
  etc., 
  

   p. 
  411 
  (1856) 
  ; 
  Sta., 
  "Man.," 
  p. 
  442 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Schmid, 
  " 
  Berl. 
  Ent. 
  Zeits.," 
  viii., 
  

   p. 
  65 
  (1864); 
  Gregs., 
  "Ent.," 
  iii., 
  p. 
  186 
  (1866) 
  ; 
  Nolck., 
  "Lep. 
  Fn. 
  Estl.," 
  

   p. 
  807 
  (1871); 
  Porritt, 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  xxi., 
  p. 
  208 
  (1885^; 
  "Buckler's 
  

   Larvas," 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  358, 
  359, 
  pi. 
  163, 
  fig. 
  9 
  (1901). 
  Stenoptilia, 
  Hb., 
  "Verz.," 
  

   p. 
  430 
  (1825); 
  Stphs., 
  " 
  Illus.," 
  p. 
  372 
  (1834); 
  Meyr., 
  "Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  

   Lond.," 
  p. 
  487 
  (1890); 
  Hofm., 
  " 
  Deutsch. 
  Pteroph.," 
  pp. 
  75, 
  81 
  (1895); 
  

   Meyr., 
  "Handbk.," 
  etc., 
  pp. 
  440,441 
  (1895); 
  Staud. 
  andKeb., 
  " 
  Cat.," 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  76 
  

   (1901). 
  Mimaeseoptilus, 
  Wallgrn., 
  " 
  Skand. 
  Fjader.," 
  p. 
  18 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Jord., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  

   Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  123 
  (1859) 
  ; 
  Staud., 
  " 
  Cat.," 
  2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  343 
  (1871); 
  Hein. 
  and 
  

   Wocke, 
  "Schmett. 
  Deutsch.," 
  iii., 
  pt. 
  2, 
  pp. 
  794, 
  795 
  (1877); 
  Frey, 
  "Lep. 
  

   Schweiz," 
  p. 
  430 
  (1880) 
  ; 
  Barr., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  p. 
  178 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  Gregs., 
  "Ent.," 
  

   xviii., 
  p. 
  150 
  (1885); 
  South, 
  "Ent.," 
  xviii., 
  pp. 
  98, 
  274-275 
  (1885); 
  Sorh., 
  

   " 
  Kleinsch. 
  Brandbg.," 
  p. 
  5 
  (1886) 
  ; 
  Tutt, 
  " 
  Young 
  Nat.," 
  x., 
  pp. 
  164, 
  165 
  (1889) 
  ; 
  

   South, 
  "Ent.," 
  xxii., 
  p. 
  34(1889); 
  "Brit. 
  Nat.," 
  ii., 
  61, 
  107, 
  111, 
  159(1892); 
  

   "Pter. 
  Brit.," 
  pp. 
  85, 
  93 
  (1895); 
  Barr., 
  "Lep. 
  Br. 
  Isles," 
  ix., 
  pi. 
  415, 
  fig. 
  5& 
  

   (1904). 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  was 
  constituted 
  (Ent. 
  Record, 
  xvii., 
  p. 
  37) 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  

   separate 
  bipunctidactyla, 
  and 
  other 
  allied 
  species, 
  from 
  Stenoptilia, 
  as 
  

   represented 
  by 
  pterodactyla 
  (fuscus). 
  As 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  shown 
  

   (antea, 
  p. 
  317), 
  Hofmann 
  separated 
  (Die 
  deutsch. 
  Pteroph., 
  p. 
  72) 
  the 
  

   two 
  groups 
  on 
  imaginal 
  grounds, 
  and 
  they 
  form 
  sect. 
  I 
  and 
  sect. 
  II 
  

   respectively, 
  of 
  his 
  genus 
  Stenoptilia. 
  But 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  distinct 
  larval 
  

   characters, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  much 
  weaker 
  (almost 
  absent) 
  development 
  

   of 
  the 
  lower 
  accessory 
  postspiracular 
  tubercle, 
  the 
  less 
  wart-like 
  

   growth 
  of 
  the 
  primary 
  and 
  subprimary 
  tubercles, 
  the 
  weaker 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  the 
  skin-spicules, 
  etc., 
  in 
  Adkinia, 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  

  

  * 
  In 
  exceptional 
  cases 
  in 
  S. 
  var. 
  pneumonanthes, 
  the 
  dark 
  basal 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  

   outer 
  marginal 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  lobes 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  once, 
  mostly 
  twice, 
  

   intersected 
  with 
  pale, 
  or, 
  especially 
  in 
  wasted 
  specimens, 
  is 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  much 
  

   bleached, 
  while 
  in 
  S. 
  coprodactyla, 
  in 
  equally 
  exceptional 
  cases, 
  the 
  dark 
  dots 
  of 
  the 
  

   outer 
  marginal 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  unite 
  into 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  distinct 
  line. 
  In 
  

   such 
  cases, 
  besides 
  the 
  other 
  characteristics 
  mentioned 
  more 
  particularly 
  in 
  the 
  

   description, 
  the 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  marginal 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe 
  is 
  the 
  

   chief 
  distinguishing 
  character 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  white 
  basal 
  line 
  in 
  S. 
  coprodactyla 
  there 
  is 
  

   to 
  be 
  found, 
  at 
  the 
  anal 
  angle, 
  only 
  one 
  black 
  dot, 
  and 
  very 
  rarely, 
  also, 
  a 
  second 
  

   above 
  it, 
  while 
  in 
  S. 
  graphodactyla 
  and 
  var. 
  prieumonanthes, 
  a 
  distinct 
  brown 
  

   basal 
  line, 
  even 
  if 
  interrupted 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  with 
  paler, 
  is 
  always 
  recognisable 
  

   Hofmann 
  . 
  

  

  