﻿ADKINIA 
  ZOPHODACTYLUS. 
  325 
  

  

  Gregson 
  says 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  July, 
  August, 
  and 
  September, 
  

   the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  being 
  full-fed 
  varying 
  much 
  in 
  different 
  seasons. 
  As 
  

   to 
  the 
  variation 
  of 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  finding 
  larvae 
  we 
  note 
  : 
  Larvae 
  taken 
  

   August, 
  1859, 
  in 
  the 
  capsules 
  of 
  Chlora 
  perfoliata, 
  pupated 
  September 
  

   2nd, 
  etc., 
  imagines 
  appeared 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  later 
  (Henslow) 
  ; 
  August 
  8th, 
  

   1868, 
  at 
  Wallasey 
  (Ragonot) 
  ; 
  fullgrown 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  mid-August, 
  

   1883, 
  at 
  Cattistock 
  (Parmiter) 
  ; 
  August 
  11th, 
  1884, 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  

   Purbeck, 
  imagines 
  bred 
  September 
  2nd-14th 
  (Bankes) 
  ; 
  two 
  larvae 
  

   September 
  2nd, 
  1887, 
  at 
  Ventnor 
  (South) 
  ; 
  larvae 
  August 
  1st, 
  1892, 
  

   in 
  Tilgate 
  Forest, 
  also 
  in 
  July, 
  1893, 
  over 
  a 
  hundred 
  larvae 
  being 
  found 
  

   in 
  a 
  bag 
  of 
  foodplant 
  obtained 
  in 
  Addington 
  Park 
  (Sheldon) 
  ; 
  fullfed 
  

   larvae 
  preparing 
  for 
  pupation, 
  noticed 
  among 
  collected 
  foodplant 
  on 
  July 
  

   27th, 
  1901, 
  the 
  Erythraea 
  collected 
  at 
  Shoeburyness 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  earlier 
  

   (Whittle) 
  ; 
  larvae 
  of 
  various 
  sizes 
  obtained 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeck, 
  

   July 
  4th-5th, 
  1904, 
  pupated 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days, 
  and 
  imagines 
  appeared 
  

   from 
  July 
  17th-25th 
  ; 
  these 
  (and 
  captured 
  ? 
  at 
  same 
  time) 
  laid 
  eggs, 
  

   larvae 
  from 
  which 
  were 
  fullfed 
  and 
  pupated 
  August 
  17th 
  onwards, 
  

   imagines 
  appeared 
  August 
  27th- 
  September 
  20th 
  (Bankes). 
  In 
  Hesse, 
  

   at 
  Mombach, 
  larvae 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  July 
  (Rossler) 
  ; 
  in 
  Brandenburg 
  

   they 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  to 
  September 
  (Sorhagen) 
  ; 
  

   in 
  Bavaria, 
  larvae 
  occur 
  in 
  August 
  (Schmid), 
  and, 
  in 
  Wiirttemberg, 
  

   in 
  July 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  September 
  (Steudel 
  and 
  Hofmann). 
  An 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  given 
  by 
  de 
  Vries, 
  in 
  Sepp's 
  

   Ned. 
  Ins., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  177, 
  pi. 
  xlv., 
  figs. 
  1-8. 
  

  

  Larva. 
  — 
  First 
  instar 
  : 
  Very 
  small 
  larva, 
  about 
  to 
  moult 
  for 
  the 
  

   first 
  time 
  ; 
  skin 
  pale, 
  whitish, 
  glistening, 
  no 
  spicules 
  ; 
  segments 
  with 
  

   well-marked 
  incisions, 
  but 
  subsegments 
  poorly 
  marked 
  ; 
  the 
  body 
  

   tapering 
  somewhat 
  posteriorly 
  ; 
  the 
  prothorax 
  rather 
  long 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  

   small, 
  polished, 
  smoky-black 
  in 
  tint 
  ; 
  scutellum 
  and 
  anal 
  plates 
  paler. 
  

   Under 
  Jin. 
  objective, 
  the 
  hairs 
  appear 
  short, 
  bristle-like, 
  pale 
  in 
  

   colour, 
  without 
  thorns, 
  slightly 
  knobbed 
  at 
  apex 
  ; 
  although 
  no 
  

   spicules 
  are 
  present, 
  a 
  granular 
  spotting 
  appears 
  beneath 
  the 
  skin, 
  

   probably 
  the 
  spicules 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  instar 
  showing 
  through. 
  Spiracles 
  

   raised, 
  black-rimmed, 
  not 
  very 
  tall, 
  but 
  showing 
  up 
  conspicuously. 
  The 
  

   tubercles 
  form 
  small 
  chitinous 
  plates, 
  with 
  raised 
  buttons 
  as 
  hair- 
  

   bases 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathorax, 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  basal 
  

   plate, 
  as 
  also 
  are 
  iii 
  and 
  iv 
  ; 
  in 
  these 
  pairs 
  of 
  hairs 
  the 
  inner 
  i 
  and 
  upper 
  

   iv 
  are 
  much 
  the 
  smaller 
  ; 
  v 
  bears 
  a 
  single 
  long 
  hair. 
  On 
  the 
  abdominal 
  

   segments, 
  the 
  setae 
  of 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  set 
  trapezoidally, 
  i, 
  the 
  smaller, 
  being 
  

   some 
  distance 
  in 
  front 
  of, 
  and 
  inner 
  to, 
  ii 
  ; 
  iii 
  is 
  close 
  above 
  the 
  spiracle, 
  

   iv 
  and 
  v 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  plate 
  beneath 
  spiracle, 
  v 
  being 
  the 
  smaller, 
  and 
  

   upper, 
  hair. 
  The 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  head 
  are 
  small 
  and 
  pointed, 
  not 
  

   knobbed, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  large 
  ones 
  towards 
  the 
  crown 
  that 
  are 
  

   slightly 
  knobbed. 
  The 
  faintly 
  marked 
  subsegments 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  

   on 
  the 
  thoracic, 
  and 
  three 
  on 
  the 
  abdominal, 
  segments 
  (August 
  6th, 
  

   1904). 
  Second 
  instar: 
  There 
  is 
  now 
  a 
  well-developed 
  coat 
  of 
  coarse 
  

   black 
  spicules. 
  Penultimate 
  instar 
  (ready 
  to 
  moult) 
  : 
  7mm. 
  -9mm. 
  in 
  

   length. 
  A 
  rather 
  slender, 
  cylindrical, 
  larva, 
  with 
  the 
  usual 
  long 
  

   prologs, 
  and, 
  when 
  at 
  rest, 
  its 
  body 
  well 
  above 
  the 
  resting-surfaee. 
  

   The 
  body 
  tapers 
  gradually, 
  and 
  markedly, 
  backwards 
  from 
  the 
  '2nd 
  

   abdominal 
  segment. 
  The 
  segments 
  are 
  well-marked, 
  with 
  fairly 
  deep 
  

   incisions, 
  especially 
  ventrallv, 
  but 
  the 
  segments 
  are 
  not 
  noticeably 
  

   swollen 
  dorsally 
  or 
  laterally 
  ; 
  the 
  spiracles 
  are 
  placed 
  well 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  