﻿ADKINIA 
  ZOPHODACTYLUS. 
  

  

  329 
  

  

  The 
  position 
  chosen 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  for 
  pupation 
  is 
  usually 
  on 
  the 
  stem 
  

   near 
  the 
  flowers, 
  to 
  the 
  spinning 
  on 
  which 
  it 
  attaches 
  itself 
  by 
  its 
  

   cremaster, 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  often 
  oblique 
  or 
  semi-vertical, 
  the 
  head 
  turned 
  

   upwards. 
  Owing 
  to 
  its 
  colour, 
  form, 
  and 
  the 
  position 
  that 
  it 
  occupies 
  

   on 
  the 
  stem, 
  one 
  can 
  easily 
  mistake 
  it 
  for 
  a 
  withered 
  flower, 
  the 
  corolla 
  

   of 
  which 
  has 
  fallen 
  ; 
  the 
  similarity 
  is 
  absolute 
  (Lambillion) 
  . 
  The 
  

   inverted 
  position 
  is 
  almost 
  invariable. 
  The 
  pupa 
  can 
  throw 
  itself 
  

   back 
  by 
  bending 
  (dorsad) 
  the 
  free 
  abdominal 
  segments, 
  and 
  when 
  it 
  

   does 
  so, 
  the 
  head 
  points 
  in 
  precisely 
  the 
  opposite 
  direction 
  to 
  that 
  it 
  

   has 
  when 
  at 
  rest. 
  This 
  is 
  more 
  movement 
  than 
  the 
  Platyptiliid 
  (sens, 
  

   rest.) 
  pupae 
  have, 
  and 
  much 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  hairy 
  Alucitid 
  pupae 
  show. 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  also 
  has 
  this 
  attitude 
  when 
  the 
  moth 
  has 
  emerged 
  (Chapman). 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  is 
  well 
  shown 
  as 
  to 
  usual 
  positions 
  and 
  attitudes 
  by 
  Sepp, 
  

   loc. 
  cit., 
  figs. 
  3, 
  4, 
  5, 
  and 
  6. 
  Lambillion 
  notes 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  as 
  being 
  

   from 
  ten 
  to 
  twelve 
  days. 
  

  

  Pupa. 
  — 
  A 
  long, 
  narrow, 
  straight, 
  smooth 
  pupa, 
  variable 
  in 
  colour 
  ; 
  

   a, 
  prominent, 
  but 
  not 
  sharp, 
  frontal 
  beak 
  ; 
  dorsal 
  flange-ridges 
  running 
  

   down 
  the 
  first 
  three 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  on 
  either 
  side, 
  beginning 
  

   with 
  ridges 
  near 
  the 
  middle 
  line 
  on 
  the 
  mesothorax, 
  but 
  so 
  smoothed 
  

   down 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  easily 
  overlooked. 
  The 
  green 
  specimens 
  have 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  of 
  a 
  pink 
  dorsal 
  line 
  or 
  band, 
  reduced 
  in 
  the 
  greenest 
  specimen 
  

   to 
  a 
  faint 
  tinge 
  on 
  the 
  thoracic 
  segments 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  final 
  abdominal 
  

   segments. 
  The 
  actual 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  that 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  

   smooth 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  Platyptiliid 
  "plumes," 
  viz., 
  with 
  somewhat 
  swollen 
  

   thorax, 
  diminishing 
  rather 
  suddenly 
  to 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  thence 
  a 
  very 
  

   trifling 
  diminution 
  until 
  the 
  final 
  tapering 
  of 
  the 
  7th 
  to 
  10th 
  

   abdominal 
  segments. 
  In 
  some 
  specimens 
  the 
  thoracic 
  thickening 
  is 
  

   wanting, 
  in 
  others 
  it 
  is 
  best 
  seen 
  laterally, 
  in 
  others 
  dorsally, 
  and 
  in 
  

   some 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  marked. 
  Each 
  segment, 
  from 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  

   onwards 
  to 
  the 
  7th 
  and 
  8th 
  abdominals, 
  has 
  very 
  numerous, 
  trans- 
  

   verse, 
  fine 
  wrinkles. 
  On 
  the 
  1st 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  these 
  are 
  absent, 
  

   on 
  the 
  2nd 
  they 
  are 
  faintly 
  indicated, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  3rd 
  are 
  quite 
  distinct 
  

   in 
  a 
  mounted 
  specimen. 
  On 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  counted 
  

   21 
  in 
  number 
  just 
  below 
  tubercles 
  iv 
  and 
  v, 
  but 
  as 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  each 
  

   continue 
  round 
  the 
  whole 
  segment, 
  but 
  fade 
  out 
  here 
  and 
  there, 
  they 
  

   differ 
  at 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  segment, 
  e.g., 
  on 
  this 
  same 
  segment 
  only 
  16 
  

   are 
  reasonably 
  definite 
  at 
  the 
  horizon 
  of 
  tubercle 
  vii. 
  The 
  finer 
  sculp- 
  

   turing 
  is 
  very 
  elaborate. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  allied 
  " 
  plume 
  " 
  pupae 
  have 
  a 
  

   similar 
  finer 
  sculpturing, 
  of 
  rounded 
  pits, 
  or 
  of 
  spiculae, 
  but 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   owing 
  to 
  the 
  much 
  greater 
  delicacy 
  of 
  the 
  pupa-case 
  of 
  A. 
  zophodactyhm, 
  

   that 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  detail 
  of 
  which 
  this 
  consists 
  is 
  easily 
  seen 
  

   in 
  a 
  mounted 
  specimen. 
  Continuing 
  the 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  

   abdominal 
  segment, 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  posterior 
  intersegmental 
  portion 
  nearly 
  

   colourless, 
  except 
  its 
  margin, 
  where 
  it 
  touches 
  the 
  solid 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   segment 
  ; 
  here 
  it 
  is 
  darker 
  even 
  than 
  that, 
  and 
  is 
  probably 
  quite 
  as 
  

   solid, 
  illustrating 
  how, 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  movable 
  segments, 
  the 
  interseg- 
  

   mental 
  subsegment 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  solidification, 
  as 
  we 
  find 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  

   fixed 
  segments 
  of 
  many 
  pup». 
  This 
  portion 
  is, 
  as 
  usual, 
  sculptured 
  

   into 
  cells 
  essentially 
  hexagonal, 
  but 
  so 
  far 
  irregular, 
  ami 
  with 
  then- 
  

   transverse 
  (to 
  segment) 
  diameters 
  so 
  elongated, 
  that 
  they 
  might 
  be 
  

   regarded 
  as 
  spaces 
  between 
  tine 
  ribs 
  running 
  round 
  the 
  segment, 
  and 
  

   anastomosing 
  at 
  regular 
  short 
  intervals. 
  In 
  the 
  coloured 
  marginal 
  

   portion, 
  the 
  dark 
  ribs 
  and 
  colourless 
  cells 
  make 
  a 
  marked 
  contrast 
  : 
  on 
  

   the 
  colourless 
  (movable 
  and 
  flexible) 
  portion 
  the 
  ribs 
  are 
  barely 
  marked. 
  

  

  