﻿ADKINIA 
  ZOPHODACTYLUS. 
  

  

  331 
  

  

  supporting 
  the 
  free 
  appendages. 
  The 
  cover 
  of 
  the 
  prothoracic 
  spiracle 
  is 
  a 
  

   raised, 
  little, 
  oval 
  plate, 
  with 
  fine 
  striae 
  or 
  wrinklings. 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  usu- 
  

   ally 
  so 
  colourless 
  and 
  delicate 
  that, 
  when 
  mounted 
  in 
  " 
  Canada 
  balsam," 
  

   hardly 
  any 
  structure 
  is 
  observable 
  (Chapman, 
  August 
  30th, 
  1904). 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  is 
  slender, 
  and 
  nearly 
  (if 
  not 
  quite) 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  fullgrown 
  

   larva; 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  almost 
  uniform 
  width, 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  segments 
  only 
  

   tapering 
  to 
  the 
  anal 
  point. 
  It 
  is 
  glossy 
  and 
  cylindrical, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   depression 
  on 
  the 
  thorax 
  and 
  front 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  ; 
  the 
  snout 
  

   and 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  are 
  prominently 
  and 
  sharply 
  defined 
  ; 
  the 
  

   leg-cases 
  extend 
  a 
  long 
  distance 
  down 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  but, 
  

   before 
  the 
  end, 
  become 
  detached 
  from 
  it. 
  The 
  ground 
  colour 
  is 
  yellow, 
  

   but 
  is 
  almost 
  hid 
  with 
  a 
  deep 
  pink, 
  which 
  is 
  suffused 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  

   surface, 
  and 
  almost 
  forms 
  a 
  stripe 
  from 
  the 
  head 
  through 
  the 
  

   abdominal 
  segments 
  ; 
  wing- 
  and 
  leg-cases 
  dingy 
  olive, 
  tinged 
  with 
  pink 
  

   (Porritt). 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  naked, 
  of 
  a 
  beautiful 
  soft 
  green 
  or 
  reddish 
  tint; 
  

   blunted 
  anteriorly, 
  and 
  showing, 
  before 
  the 
  lighter 
  vertex, 
  a 
  carmine- 
  

   red 
  stripe, 
  which 
  is 
  gradually 
  lost 
  towards 
  the 
  anal 
  point 
  (Schmid). 
  

  

  Variation 
  of 
  pupa. 
  — 
  As 
  may 
  be 
  assumed 
  from 
  what 
  has 
  been 
  

   written 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  paragraph, 
  the 
  pupae 
  vary 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  extent 
  as 
  

   the 
  larvae, 
  some 
  are 
  green, 
  others 
  are 
  quite 
  red, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  

   intermediate 
  forms 
  (Tutt). 
  Gregson 
  describes 
  it 
  as 
  "purplish 
  flesh- 
  

   colour, 
  the 
  wing-cases 
  changing 
  to 
  dark 
  purple-brown 
  about 
  two 
  weeks 
  

   after 
  pupation." 
  Chapman 
  notes 
  it 
  as 
  "usually 
  of 
  reddish 
  colour 
  ; 
  a 
  

   large 
  proportion, 
  however, 
  green, 
  and 
  no 
  doubt 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  

   each 
  depends 
  on 
  environment, 
  since 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  that 
  have 
  fixed 
  

   themselves 
  low 
  down 
  are 
  greyish-green, 
  or 
  very 
  dull 
  brownish-red. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  the 
  greenest 
  pupae, 
  especially 
  after 
  the 
  eyes 
  take 
  a 
  dark 
  tint 
  

   as 
  the 
  imago 
  matures, 
  have 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  appendages 
  adjacent, 
  and 
  

   even 
  the 
  wings, 
  nearly 
  white, 
  especially 
  the 
  beak, 
  reminding 
  one 
  much 
  

   of 
  some 
  Platyptiliid 
  pupae, 
  especially 
  that 
  of 
  Gillmeria 
  pallid 
  actyla 
  

   (bertrami)." 
  Lambillion 
  says 
  (Rev. 
  Mens. 
  Soc. 
  Ent. 
  Nanuir, 
  1904, 
  p. 
  

   51) 
  that 
  he 
  has 
  observed 
  that 
  before 
  emergence 
  the 
  $ 
  pupa 
  scarcely 
  

   changes 
  colour, 
  whilst 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  2 
  becomes 
  blackish-brown. 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance.— 
  Early 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  are 
  occasion- 
  

   ally 
  taken 
  in 
  Britain, 
  for 
  we 
  have 
  an 
  example 
  in 
  our 
  collection 
  of 
  our 
  

   own 
  capturing 
  labelled 
  " 
  end 
  of 
  May, 
  1889 
  : 
  Orpington," 
  and 
  Zeller 
  

   has 
  recorded 
  an 
  April-caught 
  specimen, 
  as 
  also 
  has 
  Brabant. 
  Besides 
  

   these, 
  there 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  broods 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  Britain, 
  

   the 
  imagines 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  appearing 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  

   of 
  July 
  (from 
  larvae 
  coincident 
  with 
  the 
  early 
  flowers 
  of 
  Erythraea), 
  

   the 
  other, 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  August 
  to 
  October, 
  varying 
  consider- 
  

   ably, 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  different 
  seasons, 
  but 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  same, 
  and 
  

   even 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  brood 
  (the 
  larvae 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  seeds 
  of 
  their 
  food- 
  

   plant). 
  Little 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood, 
  the 
  only 
  

   records 
  we 
  have 
  being 
  the 
  rearing 
  of 
  imagines, 
  July 
  20th, 
  1886, 
  

   and 
  following 
  days, 
  from 
  larvae 
  collected 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  of 
  July 
  

   near 
  Dover; 
  imagines 
  taken 
  July 
  6th, 
  1898, 
  at 
  Cuxton, 
  full\ 
  

   out 
  and 
  abundant 
  by 
  July 
  22nd, 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  ground 
  (Tutt); 
  

   imagines 
  captured 
  August 
  1st, 
  1889, 
  July 
  lOth-llth, 
  L908 
  (all 
  worn), 
  

   and 
  July 
  22nd, 
  1904 
  (fresh) 
  ; 
  others 
  bred 
  July 
  17th-25th, 
  1901. 
  from 
  

   larvae 
  taken 
  July 
  4th-5th, 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Purbeok 
  (Bankes) 
  ; 
  imagines 
  

   bred 
  July 
  27th-August 
  8th, 
  1901, 
  from 
  LarvSB 
  taken 
  July 
  19th 
  and 
  

   following 
  days 
  at 
  W6pion 
  (Lambillion). 
  It 
  appears 
  to 
  he 
  the 
  second 
  

   brood 
  that 
  is 
  most 
  frequently 
  obtained, 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  records 
  

  

  