﻿ADKINIA 
  BIPUNCTIDACTYLA. 
  34 
  3 
  

  

  be 
  a 
  very 
  early 
  species, 
  differing 
  from 
  its 
  allies 
  in 
  its 
  manner 
  of 
  resting. 
  

   Four 
  of 
  the 
  1867 
  examples 
  were 
  very 
  fine, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  eggs 
  were 
  obtained. 
  

   Others, 
  he 
  says, 
  were 
  captured 
  on 
  June 
  12th, 
  1888, 
  at 
  Windermere. 
  He 
  

   rightly 
  maintained 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  iWar/., 
  xviii., 
  p. 
  212), 
  when 
  Jordan 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  

   Mag. 
  ,yi., 
  p. 
  122) 
  and 
  Barrett 
  (op. 
  cit., 
  xviii., 
  p. 
  180) 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  insect 
  

   as 
  a 
  slight 
  aberration 
  of 
  A. 
  zophodactylus, 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  quite 
  distinct 
  from 
  

   the 
  latter, 
  and 
  that 
  centaury 
  did 
  not 
  grow 
  within 
  miles 
  of 
  the 
  spot 
  

   where 
  the 
  insect 
  was 
  taken. 
  He 
  further 
  observes 
  (Ent., 
  xxi., 
  p. 
  295) 
  

   that 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  without 
  the 
  slaty 
  shade 
  that 
  is 
  on 
  both 
  A. 
  bipuncti- 
  

   dactyla 
  and 
  A. 
  zophodactylus, 
  and 
  that 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  foodplant 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   grew 
  in 
  the 
  localities 
  where 
  hodgkinsoni 
  had 
  occurred. 
  South 
  records 
  

   (Ent., 
  xxii., 
  p. 
  35) 
  the 
  capture 
  of 
  two 
  specimens 
  in 
  North 
  Devon 
  that 
  

   agreed 
  with 
  Gregson's 
  description, 
  and 
  he 
  suggested 
  that 
  these, 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  hodgkinsoni, 
  were 
  probably 
  referable 
  to 
  bipunctidactyla. 
  In 
  spite 
  of 
  

   the 
  overwhelming 
  evidence 
  that 
  is 
  offered 
  by 
  the 
  specimens 
  themselves 
  

   of 
  the 
  accuracy 
  of 
  this 
  suggestion, 
  Barrett 
  repeats 
  (Lep. 
  Brit. 
  Isles, 
  ix., 
  

   p. 
  379) 
  that 
  hodgkinsoni 
  " 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  nothing 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  first 
  

   brood 
  of 
  zophodactylus 
  from 
  northern 
  Lancashire 
  and 
  Westmorland. 
  " 
  

  

  y. 
  var. 
  aridus, 
  [Zell., 
  "Isis,"p. 
  904 
  (1847); 
  " 
  Stett. 
  Ent. 
  Ztg.," 
  xi., 
  p. 
  210(1850); 
  

   "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  366 
  (1852); 
  H.-Sch., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  p. 
  376 
  (1855); 
  

   Hein. 
  and 
  Wocke, 
  '• 
  Schmett. 
  Deutsch.," 
  p. 
  795 
  (1877);] 
  Sta., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Ann.," 
  p. 
  143 
  

  

  (1870) 
  ; 
  Gregson, 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag., 
  vii., 
  p. 
  88 
  (1870); 
  Knaggs, 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Ann.," 
  p. 
  94 
  

  

  (1871) 
  ; 
  [Buckl., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  x., 
  p. 
  182 
  (1874) 
  ; 
  ] 
  Houth, 
  " 
  Ent.. 
  xiv., 
  p. 
  77 
  

   (1881) 
  ; 
  Barr., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  xviii., 
  p. 
  179 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  [Pal., 
  "Nat. 
  Sic," 
  p. 
  193 
  

   (1885-6); 
  Mill., 
  "Nat. 
  Sic," 
  p. 
  223 
  (1885-6);] 
  Tutt, 
  " 
  Pter. 
  Brit.," 
  pp. 
  87-8 
  

   (1895). 
  — 
  Alis 
  anterioribus 
  gilvescenti-griseis, 
  juxta 
  costam 
  obscurioribus, 
  puncto 
  

   sub 
  fissura 
  fusco, 
  ciliis 
  costas 
  apicalibus 
  fuscescentibus, 
  puncto 
  in 
  ciliis 
  anguli 
  postici 
  

   laciniae 
  anterioris 
  unico 
  fusco 
  ; 
  ciliis 
  digiti 
  tertii 
  breviusculis. 
  Var. 
  B, 
  puncto 
  sub 
  

   fissura 
  obsolete 
  Var. 
  C, 
  strigula 
  albida 
  per 
  laciniam 
  anteriorem 
  obsoleta 
  ( 
  s 
  , 
  ? 
  ). 
  

   The 
  size 
  is 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  smallest 
  fuscus 
  of 
  the 
  autumn 
  generation, 
  and 
  the 
  

   colour 
  has 
  a 
  similar 
  reddish 
  dusting, 
  only 
  still 
  paler. 
  The 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  wings 
  are 
  

   more 
  slender, 
  especially 
  the 
  front 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  forewings, 
  which 
  is 
  narrower 
  and 
  

   longer. 
  The 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  lobes 
  are 
  whitish 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  and 
  

   on 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  lobe 
  the 
  brown 
  spot 
  shows 
  out 
  distinctly. 
  The 
  costal 
  fringes 
  

   of 
  this 
  lobe 
  are 
  very 
  narrowly 
  whitish 
  only 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  fissure 
  of 
  the 
  

   wing, 
  but, 
  from 
  there 
  to 
  the 
  tip, 
  the 
  brown 
  gradually 
  increases 
  in 
  width. 
  Before 
  

   the 
  fissure 
  is 
  a 
  brown 
  spot, 
  somewhat 
  variable 
  in 
  shape, 
  smaller 
  than 
  in 
  fuscus, 
  and 
  

   not 
  reaching 
  so 
  far 
  above 
  the 
  fissure, 
  like 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  spot 
  in 
  fuscus 
  ; 
  

   this 
  spot 
  is 
  in 
  var. 
  B 
  entirely 
  obsolete. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  front 
  lobe 
  has, 
  in 
  the 
  

   usual 
  position, 
  a 
  faint, 
  whitish, 
  transverse 
  line. 
  On 
  the 
  underside, 
  the 
  wings 
  are 
  

   greyish 
  -brown, 
  the 
  apical 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  lobes 
  of 
  the 
  forewing, 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  leather 
  

   of 
  the 
  hindwing, 
  are 
  tinged 
  with 
  whitish. 
  The 
  legs 
  are 
  dirty 
  whitish. 
  This 
  species. 
  

   appears 
  to 
  be 
  not 
  rare 
  in 
  Italy 
  and 
  Sicily, 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  local 
  representative 
  of 
  

   fuscus. 
  It 
  flies 
  near 
  Syracuse 
  in 
  May 
  (on 
  the 
  23rd, 
  an 
  especially 
  large 
  and 
  dark 
  

   example 
  of 
  var. 
  C 
  was 
  captured 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  30th, 
  a 
  s 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  31st, 
  two 
  ordinary 
  

   and 
  one 
  ? 
  ), 
  and 
  in 
  June 
  (4th, 
  6th, 
  7th, 
  19th). 
  Near 
  Messina, 
  at 
  Castellaeio, 
  it 
  

   was 
  not 
  rare 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  July, 
  amongst 
  dry 
  grass. 
  Singly, 
  1 
  have 
  

   obtained 
  it 
  near 
  Borne 
  (August 
  27th), 
  Narni 
  (September 
  4th), 
  Tolentino 
  (September 
  

   6th), 
  and 
  Ancona 
  (September 
  11th). 
  Its 
  localities 
  were 
  always 
  dry 
  grassy 
  places 
  

   (Zeller, 
  Isis, 
  1847, 
  p. 
  904). 
  Middle 
  of 
  May, 
  near 
  Ardivoza, 
  on 
  the 
  pastures, 
  not 
  

   scarce, 
  and 
  collected 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  as 
  small 
  specimens 
  of 
  mictodactylus 
  (Zeller, 
  SteU. 
  

   Ent, 
  Ztg., 
  xi., 
  p. 
  210). 
  

  

  Whether 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  really 
  only 
  a 
  southern 
  race 
  of 
  A. 
  bipuncti- 
  

   dactyla, 
  of 
  which 
  similar 
  aberrations 
  occasionally 
  occur 
  in 
  other 
  

   parts 
  of 
  its 
  range, 
  whether 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  some 
  other 
  allied 
  s}hvio>. 
  or 
  

   whether 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  distinct 
  species, 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  moans 
  of 
  judging 
  without 
  

   a 
  sight 
  of 
  Zeller's 
  original 
  specimens. 
  Hofmann 
  favours 
  (Die 
  !>< 
  ><tM'h. 
  

   I'tcroph., 
  p. 
  72) 
  the 
  last-named 
  view, 
  noting 
  it 
  as 
  •• 
  manifestly 
  a 
  

   species 
  that 
  only 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  region, 
  where 
  the 
  larva 
  

  

  