﻿STENOPTILIA 
  PTERODACTYLA. 
  865 
  

  

  base 
  of 
  the 
  fringes, 
  I 
  cannot, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  variability 
  of 
  the 
  mark- 
  

   ings 
  above 
  described, 
  bring 
  myself 
  to 
  recognise 
  as 
  a 
  diptinct 
  species, 
  as 
  

   clearly 
  intermediate 
  forms 
  prove 
  that 
  the 
  line 
  in 
  question 
  arises 
  solely 
  

   from 
  the 
  coalescence 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  spots 
  typical 
  to 
  the 
  genus. 
  The 
  var. 
  

   paludicola, 
  according 
  to 
  Zeller, 
  flies 
  in 
  Glogau 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  

   to 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  September, 
  in 
  damp 
  meadows, 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  

   of 
  swamps, 
  not 
  rare, 
  and 
  generally 
  several 
  together 
  ; 
  Veronica 
  chamae- 
  

   drys 
  does 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  these 
  situations, 
  but 
  probably 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  

   Veronica 
  do 
  grow 
  there, 
  such 
  as 
  V. 
  serpyllifolia, 
  V. 
  arvensis, 
  and 
  V. 
  

   triphyllos. 
  ,, 
  The 
  vars. 
  c 
  and 
  d 
  of 
  Zeller, 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  Hofmann, 
  have 
  

   been 
  already 
  described 
  (supra, 
  p. 
  360), 
  and 
  Zeller 
  himself 
  considered 
  

   (Linn. 
  Ent., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  371) 
  that 
  his 
  vars. 
  c 
  and 
  d 
  were 
  most 
  probably 
  not 
  

   specifically 
  identical 
  with 
  pterodactyla 
  (fuscus), 
  and 
  writes 
  : 
  "My 
  vars. 
  c 
  

   and 
  d, 
  which 
  certainly 
  go 
  together, 
  and 
  of 
  which 
  d 
  is 
  the 
  commoner, 
  

   are 
  smaller, 
  darker, 
  and 
  marked 
  differently 
  in 
  the 
  fringes 
  from 
  the 
  type 
  

   form. 
  This 
  fringe- 
  marking 
  separates 
  them 
  very 
  readily 
  from 
  the 
  

   paler 
  stiymato 
  dactyl 
  us, 
  which, 
  in 
  this 
  particular, 
  agrees 
  exactly 
  with 
  

   fuscus, 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe 
  of 
  which 
  has 
  also 
  a 
  pure 
  white 
  edging, 
  whilst 
  the 
  

   black 
  spots 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  cleft, 
  have 
  a 
  different 
  position 
  from 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  four 
  fuscus 
  vars. 
  The 
  vars. 
  c 
  and 
  d 
  frequently 
  come 
  close 
  to 
  

   serotinus 
  in 
  darkness, 
  but 
  the 
  latter 
  has 
  the 
  fringe-spots 
  as 
  in 
  fuscus, 
  

   and 
  no 
  white 
  or 
  whitish 
  costal 
  edge 
  appears, 
  which 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  case 
  

   with 
  aridus. 
  P. 
  loewii 
  has 
  a 
  white 
  costal 
  edge, 
  and 
  has, 
  as 
  have 
  these 
  

   doubtful 
  vars. 
  of 
  fuscus, 
  two 
  spots 
  at 
  the 
  inner 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  lobe, 
  

   but, 
  in 
  this 
  species, 
  these 
  spots 
  are 
  sharp, 
  and 
  deep 
  black, 
  like 
  those 
  at 
  

   the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  ; 
  besides, 
  loewii 
  is 
  smaller, 
  more 
  delicate, 
  

   almost 
  grey 
  with 
  longer 
  lobes. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  The 
  var. 
  d 
  has, 
  crossing 
  the 
  upper 
  

   lobe, 
  an 
  indistinct 
  light 
  grey, 
  transverse 
  line, 
  consisting 
  of 
  scattered 
  

   scales, 
  which 
  does 
  not 
  reach 
  the 
  costal 
  fringes, 
  and 
  frequently 
  more 
  

   distinct 
  to 
  the 
  naked 
  eye 
  than 
  when 
  observed 
  through 
  a 
  lens. 
  In 
  some 
  

   examples, 
  one 
  wing 
  may 
  have 
  this 
  transverse 
  line 
  faintly 
  expressed, 
  

   whilst, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  wing, 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  absent. 
  The 
  vars. 
  c 
  and 
  d 
  fly 
  near 
  

   Glogau, 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  till 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  September, 
  and 
  are 
  

   to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  damp 
  meadows, 
  or 
  in 
  swampy 
  places, 
  which 
  have 
  

   previously 
  been 
  inundated, 
  and 
  are 
  generally 
  abundant 
  where 
  they 
  

   occur 
  at 
  all. 
  The 
  larvae 
  cannot 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  of 
  Veronica 
  

   as 
  vars. 
  a 
  as, 
  b, 
  as, 
  in 
  several 
  places 
  where 
  I 
  found 
  them 
  abundantly, 
  

   no 
  other 
  species 
  but 
  V. 
  serpyllifolia, 
  V. 
  arvensis 
  ) 
  and 
  the 
  early 
  I'. 
  

   triphyllos 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  found." 
  A 
  $ 
  , 
  with 
  a 
  hardly 
  indicated 
  transverse 
  

   line 
  across 
  the 
  upper 
  lobe, 
  was 
  received 
  from 
  Mann, 
  who 
  had 
  taken 
  

   it 
  in 
  Dalmatia. 
  Crombrugghe 
  de 
  Picquendaele 
  observes 
  the 
  occurrence 
  

   of 
  this 
  form 
  in 
  the 
  Ixelles 
  district 
  of 
  Belgium, 
  at 
  Qccle 
  ami 
  Groen- 
  

   endael, 
  in 
  July, 
  each 
  year, 
  with 
  typical 
  pterodactyla. 
  Other 
  localities 
  

   noticed 
  are: 
  Baden 
  — 
  Constance 
  (Reutti), 
  Berlin 
  (Stern), 
  Jungfernhaide 
  

   (September 
  3rd), 
  Finkenkrug 
  (Sorhagen). 
  

  

  (3. 
  var. 
  (an 
  spec, 
  dist.) 
  mannii, 
  Zell., 
  "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi.. 
  p. 
  375 
  (1852); 
  

   Hch.-Schai'f., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  p. 
  :>7~> 
  (1855); 
  fig. 
  21 
  (1853); 
  Stand.] 
  

   " 
  Hor. 
  Soo. 
  Ent. 
  lloss.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  428 
  (1880) 
  ; 
  Staud. 
  and 
  Reb., 
  " 
  eat.." 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  

   p. 
  77 
  (1901). 
  — 
  Alis 
  omnibus 
  ochraoeo-lateritiis, 
  anteriorum 
  oosta 
  angustissime 
  

   albo-marginata, 
  laoiniia 
  aouminatis, 
  punotia 
  (humus 
  minutis 
  Eusois 
  ad 
  fissuram; 
  

   ciliis 
  digiti 
  tertii 
  breviusoulis 
  (d 
  ). 
  Readily 
  distinguished 
  from 
  fuscus 
  var. 
  a, 
  to 
  

   which 
  it 
  comes 
  nearest 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  oolouring 
  is 
  oonoerned, 
  bv 
  the 
  pale 
  Light-red 
  colour 
  

   of 
  all 
  the 
  wings, 
  the 
  more 
  elongated 
  upper 
  lobe, 
  the 
  smallness 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  dots, 
  

  

  which 
  are 
  separated 
  widely 
  at 
  the 
  fissure, 
  the 
  entire 
  absence 
  of 
  dots 
  in 
  tbe 
  outer 
  

  

  