﻿STENOPTILIA 
  PTERODACTYLA. 
  367 
  

  

  towards 
  the 
  other 
  end 
  to 
  0'25ram., 
  and 
  terminates 
  in 
  an 
  oval 
  or 
  

   circular 
  end. 
  Seen 
  laterally, 
  the 
  flat 
  micropylar 
  end 
  is 
  highest, 
  0-21 
  mm., 
  

   and, 
  towards 
  the 
  nadir, 
  the 
  egg 
  is 
  only 
  0-15mm. 
  ; 
  the 
  nadir 
  seen 
  in 
  

   this 
  view 
  is 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  flattened, 
  unlike 
  the 
  round 
  margin 
  as 
  seen 
  

   from 
  above. 
  The 
  sculpturing 
  on 
  the 
  micropylar 
  end 
  shows 
  cells 
  

   arranged 
  rosette 
  fashion, 
  in 
  several 
  rows, 
  to 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  nearly 
  half 
  the 
  

   diameter 
  of 
  the 
  end. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  has 
  longitudinal 
  ribs, 
  rather 
  

   faint, 
  and 
  difficult 
  to 
  make 
  out 
  and 
  count, 
  rather 
  waved 
  and 
  irregular, 
  

   but 
  fairly 
  parallel 
  to 
  each 
  other, 
  eight 
  or 
  ten 
  visible 
  in 
  a 
  top 
  view 
  of 
  

   the 
  egg. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  possible, 
  in 
  some 
  illuminations, 
  to 
  glimpse 
  

   transverse 
  ribs, 
  dividing 
  the 
  furrows 
  between 
  the 
  primary 
  ribs, 
  much 
  

   as 
  those 
  of 
  an 
  ordinary 
  upright 
  egg, 
  are 
  divided; 
  there 
  are 
  about 
  ten 
  of 
  

   these 
  to 
  half 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  ; 
  more 
  cannot 
  be 
  seen 
  at 
  one 
  view 
  

   (Chapman, 
  June 
  23rd, 
  1904). 
  By 
  June 
  27th 
  the 
  eggs 
  were 
  showing 
  

   dark 
  eye-spots 
  through 
  the 
  eggshell 
  (Chapman). 
  

  

  Habits 
  of 
  larva.— 
  Some 
  larva? 
  that 
  left 
  the 
  egg 
  on 
  June 
  27th, 
  

   1904, 
  were 
  put 
  on 
  the 
  tops 
  of 
  a 
  sprig 
  of 
  Veronica 
  chamaedrys 
  ; 
  an 
  hour 
  

   afterwards 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  them 
  could 
  be 
  found, 
  nor 
  any 
  indication 
  of 
  what 
  

   had 
  become 
  of 
  them 
  (the 
  piece 
  of 
  plant 
  being 
  in 
  a 
  closed 
  tube, 
  escape 
  was 
  

   impossible)." 
  Next 
  day, 
  tearing 
  open 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  above- 
  

   mentioned 
  tops, 
  two 
  tiny 
  larva? 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  stem, 
  

   thus 
  solving 
  the 
  mystery 
  ; 
  other 
  larva? 
  hatched 
  this 
  day, 
  and 
  were 
  put 
  

   at 
  once 
  on 
  a 
  covered 
  plant 
  ; 
  the 
  larva? 
  made 
  straight 
  for 
  the 
  axils, 
  and 
  

   soon 
  disappeared. 
  The 
  young 
  larva, 
  therefore, 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  hatched, 
  

   seeks 
  out 
  the 
  axil 
  of 
  a 
  young 
  leaf, 
  and 
  mines 
  into 
  the 
  pith 
  of 
  the 
  

   leading 
  shoot 
  ; 
  each 
  had 
  entered 
  a 
  stem 
  near 
  the 
  top 
  and 
  burrowed 
  

   down 
  the 
  pith. 
  Later 
  examination 
  exposed, 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  cases, 
  a 
  trace 
  

   of 
  frass, 
  which 
  showed 
  that 
  entry 
  had 
  been 
  made 
  at 
  an 
  axil 
  less 
  than 
  

   -|in. 
  (probably 
  much 
  less, 
  if 
  the 
  shoot 
  grew 
  at 
  all 
  after 
  entry 
  was 
  made), 
  

   from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  shoot. 
  In 
  other 
  cases, 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  clear, 
  but, 
  in 
  all, 
  

   the 
  shoot 
  had 
  been 
  mined 
  downwards 
  for 
  a 
  greater 
  or 
  less 
  distance, 
  in 
  

   one 
  case 
  past 
  two 
  nodes 
  and 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  l^ins., 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  

   instances 
  decidedly 
  less, 
  as 
  the 
  larva 
  was 
  less 
  than 
  this, 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  

   barely 
  fin., 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  shoot. 
  This 
  appears 
  to 
  depend 
  largely 
  

   on 
  the 
  vigour 
  and 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  shoot. 
  In 
  all 
  cases 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  shoot 
  

   was 
  dead 
  down 
  to 
  just 
  beyond 
  the 
  larva. 
  This 
  was 
  always 
  in 
  a 
  living 
  

   stem, 
  once 
  ^in. 
  from 
  the 
  dead 
  portion, 
  but 
  usually 
  quite 
  close 
  to 
  it. 
  

   Though 
  fat 
  in 
  their 
  present 
  instar, 
  they 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  still 
  eating. 
  The 
  

   larva 
  feeds 
  in 
  the 
  pith 
  until 
  fullfed 
  in 
  its 
  2nd 
  stadium, 
  at 
  which 
  time 
  

   it 
  is 
  about 
  2mm. 
  in 
  length, 
  and 
  finds 
  ample 
  accommodation 
  in 
  the 
  pith 
  

   of 
  a 
  slender 
  stem 
  of 
  speedwell. 
  Here 
  it 
  makes 
  a 
  neat 
  little 
  cavity, 
  

   shuts 
  off 
  the 
  terminal 
  end 
  with 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  screens 
  of 
  silk, 
  ami 
  enters 
  

   on 
  its 
  hybernation 
  period 
  whilst 
  we 
  are 
  still 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  summer. 
  

   A 
  search 
  in 
  the 
  open, 
  on 
  August 
  27th, 
  1901, 
  showed 
  thai 
  the 
  

   hybernating 
  larva? 
  are 
  easily 
  found 
  m 
  hedge-bottoms, 
  existing 
  in 
  then- 
  

   habitats, 
  the 
  dead 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  branches 
  of 
  Veronica 
  being 
  conspicuous 
  ; 
  

   a 
  few 
  were 
  collected, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  definite 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  larvoo 
  oommenoe 
  life 
  as 
  complete 
  miners 
  in 
  the 
  stems 
  of 
  Veronica^ 
  

   starting 
  in 
  a 
  terminal 
  shoot, 
  and 
  travelling 
  downwards. 
  1 
  notioed, 
  :i 
  tVw 
  days 
  since, 
  

   that 
  the 
  upper 
  Mn, 
  or 
  lin. 
  of 
  the 
  Veronica 
  stems 
  was 
  withering, 
  though 
  I 
  did 
  not 
  

   connect 
  this 
  with 
  the 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  ova 
  at 
  the 
  time; 
  1 
  ean 
  now 
  deteot 
  the 
  

   extrusion 
  of 
  a 
  minute 
  amount 
  of 
  frass. 
  with 
  a 
  strong 
  hand-lens 
  (Baoot, 
  Julj 
  I 
  lth, 
  

   1904). 
  

  

  