﻿STENOPTILIA 
  PTEKODACTYLA. 
  375 
  

  

  May 
  21st, 
  1905). 
  Quiescent 
  stage 
  preceding 
  pupation: 
  When 
  laid 
  up 
  

   for 
  pupation, 
  the 
  larva 
  is 
  shorter 
  and 
  more 
  slender, 
  and 
  gets 
  

   enlarged 
  thoracically 
  ; 
  its 
  length 
  is 
  only 
  about 
  11mm. 
  These 
  changes 
  

   are 
  usual 
  in 
  larvae 
  preparing 
  to 
  pupate. 
  The 
  special 
  change 
  here 
  is 
  one 
  

   of 
  colour, 
  due 
  not 
  to 
  a 
  change 
  of 
  the 
  skin 
  itself, 
  but, 
  apparently, 
  merely 
  

   to 
  the 
  emptying 
  of 
  the 
  prienae 
  irae. 
  The 
  result 
  is 
  a 
  tolerably 
  uniform 
  

   and 
  paler 
  green, 
  with 
  nearly 
  white 
  subdorsal 
  and 
  lateral 
  lines 
  ; 
  these 
  

   also 
  are 
  straighter, 
  and 
  of 
  more 
  uniform 
  width 
  than 
  before. 
  The 
  black 
  

   skin-points, 
  and 
  black 
  secondary 
  hairs, 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  less 
  effect 
  in 
  

   modifying 
  the 
  colour. 
  There 
  are 
  pale 
  patches 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  lines, 
  

   but 
  these 
  are 
  less 
  visible 
  than 
  before. 
  The 
  white 
  lines 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   nearly 
  so, 
  but 
  really 
  always 
  have 
  a 
  creamy 
  tint, 
  and 
  may 
  be, 
  especially 
  

   the 
  lateral 
  one, 
  quite 
  yellow 
  (Chapman). 
  The 
  larva 
  is 
  described 
  by 
  

   Schmid 
  (Bed. 
  Ent. 
  Zeit., 
  viii., 
  p. 
  66), 
  by 
  Porritt 
  (Ent., 
  xv., 
  p. 
  44), 
  

   by 
  South 
  (Ent., 
  xv., 
  p. 
  148), 
  and 
  Buckler 
  (Larvae, 
  etc., 
  ix., 
  p. 
  362). 
  

  

  Variation 
  of 
  larva. 
  — 
  Chapman 
  observes 
  (supra) 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  

   presents 
  two 
  very 
  distinct 
  aspects, 
  according 
  to 
  whether 
  the 
  larva 
  

   is 
  feeding 
  or 
  laid 
  up 
  for 
  pupation, 
  dark 
  green 
  dominating 
  the 
  former, 
  

   owing 
  to 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  the 
  alimentary 
  canal 
  showing 
  through 
  the 
  

   transparent 
  skin. 
  Porritt 
  says 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  distinct 
  varieties 
  

   among 
  the 
  fullfed 
  larvae 
  : 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  ground-colour 
  bright 
  grass-green, 
  with 
  dark 
  green 
  dorsal 
  stripe. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  ground-colour 
  bright 
  yellow-green, 
  the 
  dorsal 
  stripe 
  dark 
  green 
  or 
  

   dark 
  brown. 
  

  

  Pupation. 
  — 
  The 
  fullfed 
  larva 
  usually 
  selects 
  in 
  nature 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   foodplant 
  for 
  pupation, 
  whilst, 
  in 
  confinement, 
  it 
  often 
  comes 
  off, 
  and 
  

   pupates 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  receptacle 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  confined. 
  It 
  

   spins 
  a 
  silken 
  web 
  on 
  which 
  it 
  takes 
  up 
  its 
  stand 
  ; 
  one 
  was 
  observed 
  

   settling 
  down 
  thus 
  on 
  May 
  20th, 
  1904 
  ; 
  next 
  day 
  the 
  thorax 
  was 
  rather 
  

   swollen, 
  the 
  body 
  contracted 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  22nd 
  the 
  thoracic 
  area 
  was 
  more 
  

   swollen, 
  the 
  head 
  drawn 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  ventrally, 
  and 
  the 
  larval 
  colour 
  very 
  

   uniform; 
  on 
  the 
  23rd 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  apparent 
  change, 
  nor 
  was 
  there 
  on 
  

   the 
  morning 
  of 
  the 
  24th, 
  when, 
  at 
  about 
  noon, 
  another 
  larva 
  touched 
  

   it, 
  and 
  it 
  threw 
  up 
  its 
  head 
  and 
  oscillated 
  violently. 
  Between 
  2 
  p.m. 
  and 
  

   6 
  p.m. 
  the 
  larva 
  changed 
  to 
  a 
  pupa 
  ; 
  the 
  change 
  was 
  not 
  observed. 
  At 
  

   6 
  p.m. 
  the 
  newly-formed 
  pupa 
  was 
  described 
  (see 
  infra). 
  A 
  second 
  larva 
  

   fixed 
  itself 
  in 
  position 
  on 
  the 
  21st, 
  a 
  day 
  later 
  than 
  the 
  one 
  already 
  

   described; 
  this 
  changed 
  to 
  a 
  pupa 
  in 
  the 
  afternoon 
  of 
  the 
  25th, 
  and 
  

   was 
  as 
  yellow 
  as 
  the 
  one 
  that 
  changed 
  the 
  preceding 
  day 
  ; 
  a 
  third 
  larva 
  

   that 
  fixed 
  itself 
  on 
  a 
  stalk 
  of 
  the 
  foodplant 
  on 
  the 
  22nd 
  pupated 
  on 
  

   the 
  27th 
  ; 
  a 
  fourth 
  larva 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  wandering 
  for 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  days, 
  and 
  

   disturbing 
  the 
  others 
  laid 
  up 
  for 
  pupation, 
  finally 
  came 
  to 
  rest 
  on 
  the 
  

   evening 
  of 
  the 
  25th, 
  and 
  pupated 
  on 
  the 
  27th 
  on 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  box, 
  

   without 
  attachment 
  ; 
  although 
  so 
  active, 
  it 
  had, 
  during 
  the 
  '23rd 
  and 
  

   24th, 
  quite 
  the 
  appearance 
  (swollen 
  thoracic 
  segments, 
  etc) 
  of 
  a 
  larva 
  

   in 
  the 
  quiescent 
  stage 
  preceding 
  pupation. 
  Porritt 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   is 
  attached 
  by 
  the 
  tail 
  only, 
  and 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  considerable 
  movement 
  ; 
  

   on 
  being 
  disturbed, 
  it 
  turns 
  up 
  sharply 
  the 
  thoracic 
  and 
  upper 
  

   abdominal 
  segments. 
  Bankes 
  notes 
  a, 
  pupa 
  that 
  was 
  suspended 
  by 
  

   the 
  anal 
  extremity 
  from 
  the 
  glass 
  lid 
  of 
  the 
  cage 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  silken 
  

   pad 
  spun 
  upon 
  the 
  glass. 
  Schmid 
  observes 
  that 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasts 
  

   fourteen 
  days. 
  

  

  GoLOUE 
  CHANGES 
  DUEING 
  PUPAL 
  DEVELOPMENT. 
  Xt'irh/ 
  turned 
  .' 
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