﻿STENOPTILIA 
  PTERODACTYLA. 
  379 
  

  

  grey 
  ; 
  two 
  indistinct 
  pale 
  lines 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  area 
  ; 
  several 
  faint 
  purplish 
  spots 
  

   behind 
  the 
  thorax 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  anal 
  segment 
  being 
  the 
  only 
  markings 
  noticeable. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Dingier 
  green 
  in 
  tint, 
  with 
  a 
  distinct 
  purple 
  dorsal 
  stripe, 
  edged 
  on 
  each 
  

   side 
  with 
  greyish 
  ; 
  the 
  abdominal 
  incisions 
  and 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  prolonged 
  wing-cases 
  

   also 
  purple. 
  

  

  In 
  May 
  and 
  June, 
  1904, 
  we 
  examined 
  many 
  pupse 
  of 
  this 
  species, 
  

   from 
  larvae 
  found 
  in 
  different 
  localities. 
  In 
  these, 
  when 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  age, 
  

   there 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  little 
  variation, 
  some 
  were 
  of 
  a 
  little 
  brighter 
  

   green, 
  i.e., 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  yellowish-green, 
  others 
  rather 
  duller 
  in 
  tint, 
  and, 
  

   on 
  the 
  dorsum, 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  slight 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  purplish 
  

   shading 
  on 
  the 
  mediodorsal 
  line, 
  on 
  the 
  metathorax, 
  and 
  1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  

   abdominal 
  segments 
  (always, 
  however, 
  in 
  the 
  specimens 
  examined, 
  

   very 
  small). 
  There 
  certainly 
  was 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  clear 
  dimorphism 
  

   exhibited, 
  in 
  the 
  eight 
  examples 
  examined, 
  like 
  that 
  spoken 
  of 
  by 
  

   Porritt. 
  In 
  one 
  example, 
  the 
  mediodorsal 
  line 
  was 
  marked 
  throughout, 
  

   from 
  the 
  mesothorax 
  to 
  the 
  anus, 
  very 
  slenderly, 
  with 
  purplish-red. 
  

   Chapman 
  says 
  : 
  There 
  is 
  much 
  less 
  range 
  of 
  variation 
  in 
  colour 
  than 
  

   in 
  pupae 
  of 
  Adkinia 
  bipunctidactyla. 
  A 
  few 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  altogether 
  green 
  

   in 
  colour, 
  except 
  for 
  a 
  pale 
  or 
  white 
  tint 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  flanges 
  on 
  the 
  

   mesothorax. 
  Most 
  have 
  some 
  pink 
  or 
  reddish 
  between 
  these 
  flanges, 
  

   extending, 
  usually, 
  a 
  little 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  most 
  have 
  the 
  

   last 
  three 
  segments 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  reddish-brown, 
  darkening 
  to 
  the 
  apex. 
  

   The 
  dorsal, 
  subdorsal, 
  and 
  sublateral 
  lines 
  are 
  generally 
  of 
  a 
  slightly 
  

   darker 
  shade 
  of 
  green. 
  On 
  a 
  well-marked 
  specimen, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  white 
  

   lateral 
  line, 
  with 
  a 
  faint 
  reddish, 
  or 
  brownish, 
  shading 
  below 
  it 
  ; 
  the 
  

   leg-cases, 
  beyond 
  wings, 
  are 
  slightly 
  ruddy, 
  distinctly 
  so 
  at 
  the 
  tips. 
  

   In 
  one 
  specimen 
  the 
  wing-cases 
  are 
  darker, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  suspicion 
  of 
  

   a 
  ruddy 
  tinge 
  over 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments. 
  Yet 
  even 
  this 
  specimen 
  

   presents 
  very 
  little 
  difference 
  from 
  the 
  others, 
  on 
  a 
  casual 
  view, 
  unlike 
  

   the 
  red 
  form 
  of 
  A. 
  bipunctidactyla 
  w 
  T 
  hich 
  contrasts 
  strongly 
  with 
  the 
  

   green 
  (May 
  27th, 
  1904). 
  On 
  June 
  1st 
  a 
  pupa 
  appeared 
  of 
  an 
  uniform 
  

   brownish-red 
  colour, 
  the 
  markings 
  being 
  very 
  faintly 
  indicated 
  by 
  a 
  

   slight 
  difference 
  of 
  tint. 
  

  

  Foodplants. 
  — 
  Veronica 
  chamaedrys* 
  (Stainton), 
  [F. 
  serpyllifolia, 
  V. 
  

   arvensis, 
  V. 
  triphyllos 
  (Zeller), 
  Gratiola 
  officinalis 
  (Disque, 
  Iris, 
  xiv., 
  

   p. 
  2271)] 
  . 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  -The 
  species 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  absolutely 
  single- 
  

   brooded. 
  ;j; 
  Emerging, 
  in 
  Britain, 
  over 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  some 
  five 
  or 
  six 
  

   weeks 
  in 
  a 
  season, 
  and 
  varying 
  from 
  early 
  June 
  to 
  early 
  July, 
  for 
  the 
  

   earliest 
  specimens 
  in 
  different 
  years, 
  it 
  remains 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  in 
  late 
  

   seasons 
  until 
  mid- 
  August. 
  It 
  occurs 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  throughout 
  

   central 
  Europe, 
  but, 
  in 
  the 
  high 
  alps 
  of 
  central 
  Europe, 
  and 
  in 
  

   Scandinavia, 
  is 
  rarely 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  until 
  mid-July, 
  and 
  often 
  occurs 
  

   well 
  into 
  late 
  August. 
  In 
  Germany, 
  it 
  is 
  recorded 
  at 
  Priedland 
  from 
  

  

  * 
  Hudd 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  Plentiful 
  amongst 
  Veronica 
  and 
  in 
  straw 
  bony 
  bods." 
  Wo 
  oan 
  

   hardly 
  think 
  the 
  larva 
  has 
  any 
  connection 
  with 
  strawberry, 
  although 
  Crom- 
  

   bruggbe 
  de 
  Picquendaele 
  observes 
  that 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  Ixollos 
  district, 
  where 
  

   Veronica 
  chamaedrys 
  is 
  entirely 
  absent. 
  

  

  f 
  Disque 
  observes 
  that 
  he 
  found 
  fullgrown 
  larvffl 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  on 
  July 
  

   7th, 
  on 
  the 
  Haderwiese, 
  upon 
  Qratiola 
  officinalis. 
  As 
  S. 
  pterodactyla 
  is 
  not 
  double- 
  

   brooded, 
  one 
  wonders 
  whether 
  he 
  is 
  really 
  referring 
  to 
  this 
  species. 
  

  

  ;[ 
  Emmelina 
  monodactyla, 
  Ij., 
  was 
  long 
  known 
  as 
  pterodactyla, 
  Linn., 
  and 
  otic 
  

   finds 
  many 
  records 
  of 
  Stenoptilia 
  pterodactyla 
  being 
  double-brooded, 
  occurring 
  in 
  

   June 
  and 
  July, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  September-October, 
  thai 
  must 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  former 
  

   species. 
  

  

  