﻿MARASMARCHA 
  LUN^DACTYLA. 
  895 
  

  

  extremities, 
  but 
  not 
  spieulated. 
  Prolegs 
  moderate 
  in 
  length, 
  with 
  the 
  

   usual 
  chitinous 
  tube 
  forming 
  the 
  "prop"; 
  crochets, 
  three 
  in 
  number. 
  

   There 
  is 
  nowhere 
  any 
  trace 
  of 
  secondary 
  skin-hairs 
  (Chapman, 
  June 
  

   8th, 
  1904). 
  Third 
  instar 
  (stadium 
  preceding 
  last 
  moult) 
  : 
  Length, 
  

   5mm. 
  Shape 
  cylindrical, 
  of 
  fairly 
  even 
  thickness, 
  tapering 
  at 
  the 
  

   thoracic 
  segments 
  (chiefly 
  the 
  prothorax) 
  towards 
  the 
  medium-sized, 
  

   polished, 
  black 
  head, 
  and, 
  at 
  the 
  posterior 
  segments 
  suddenly 
  to 
  the 
  

   blunt 
  anus. 
  The 
  larva, 
  as 
  usual, 
  well 
  raised 
  on 
  tall 
  prolegs, 
  the 
  anal 
  

   pair 
  set 
  backwards 
  as 
  in 
  that 
  of 
  Stenoptilia 
  pierodactyla, 
  giving 
  it 
  a 
  

   straddling 
  appearance. 
  The 
  segmentation 
  is 
  distinct, 
  but 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   segmentation 
  much 
  less 
  so 
  on 
  the 
  abdominal 
  segments, 
  where 
  the 
  only 
  

   division, 
  viz., 
  that 
  between 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  is 
  only 
  slightly 
  apparent. 
  On 
  the 
  

   thoracic 
  segments 
  the 
  subsegmentation 
  is 
  much 
  clearer, 
  and 
  consists 
  

   of 
  three 
  subsegments, 
  viz., 
  small 
  anterior 
  and 
  posterior, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  

   central 
  one, 
  which 
  bears 
  the 
  dorsal 
  warts. 
  The 
  spiracles 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  

   raised, 
  but 
  not 
  tubed, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  Ovendenia 
  septodactyla 
  (lienigianus), 
  

   those 
  on 
  the 
  prothorax 
  and 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  being 
  larger 
  

   than 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  others, 
  although 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  abdominal 
  is 
  also 
  

   slightly 
  larger 
  than 
  usual 
  ; 
  in 
  colour, 
  they 
  are 
  pale 
  brown. 
  The 
  skin 
  

   bears 
  a 
  very 
  noticeable 
  coat 
  of 
  coarse, 
  black, 
  spicules, 
  or 
  skin-points, 
  

   rather 
  large 
  gaps 
  occurring 
  in 
  this 
  coat 
  where 
  the 
  primary 
  and 
  

   accessory 
  tubercles 
  arise. 
  There 
  are 
  no 
  secondary 
  hairs 
  in 
  this 
  skin 
  

   unassociated 
  with 
  the 
  primary 
  or 
  accessory 
  tubercles. 
  The 
  primary 
  

   hairs 
  on 
  tubercles 
  ii, 
  iii, 
  and 
  v 
  are 
  very 
  long, 
  and 
  either 
  taper, 
  or 
  are 
  

   blunt-ended, 
  but 
  on 
  i 
  and 
  iv 
  they 
  are 
  shorter, 
  and 
  are 
  slightly 
  expanded 
  

   at 
  the 
  tips. 
  The 
  secondary 
  hairs, 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  primary 
  hairs, 
  

   are 
  considerably 
  shorter, 
  and 
  have 
  expanded 
  or 
  trumpet-shaped 
  tops. 
  

   While 
  the 
  accessory 
  postspiracular 
  tubercles 
  bear 
  single 
  hairs 
  of 
  this 
  

   character, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  primary 
  ones 
  have 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  secondary 
  hairs 
  

   associated 
  with 
  the 
  long 
  primary 
  ones, 
  but 
  iii 
  and 
  iv, 
  on 
  the 
  meso- 
  and 
  

   metathorax, 
  are 
  exceptions 
  to 
  this 
  general 
  rule. 
  All 
  the 
  hairs 
  are 
  

   white, 
  and 
  the 
  long 
  ones 
  minutely 
  thorned. 
  Head 
  black 
  and 
  polished, 
  

   and 
  bears 
  a 
  few 
  weak 
  hairs, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  dark-coloured. 
  The 
  

   prothoracic 
  and 
  anal 
  plates 
  are 
  plain 
  and 
  well-developed, 
  but 
  not 
  

   distinctively 
  coloured. 
  The 
  primary 
  hairs 
  are 
  mounted 
  on 
  large 
  

   chitinous 
  bases, 
  and 
  these, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  associated 
  secondaries, 
  

   are 
  mounted 
  on 
  raised 
  skin-areas, 
  forming 
  primitive 
  warts. 
  Tubercles 
  

   i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  remote, 
  iv 
  and 
  v 
  approximated 
  as 
  usual. 
  On 
  the 
  thoracic 
  

   segments, 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  wart, 
  and 
  the 
  secondary 
  groups 
  on 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  subdivisions 
  of 
  these 
  segments 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  two 
  

   slightly 
  separated 
  hairs 
  behind 
  each 
  group 
  (Bacot, 
  June 
  12th, 
  1904). 
  

   Same 
  instar 
  (lying 
  up 
  for 
  last 
  moult) 
  : 
  Length, 
  6mm.; 
  very 
  like 
  larva 
  

   when 
  lain 
  up 
  for 
  previous 
  moult, 
  but 
  looks 
  a 
  little 
  greener. 
  The 
  skin 
  

   is 
  covered 
  with 
  black 
  skin-points, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  hairs 
  on 
  general 
  

   surface. 
  The 
  tubercles 
  are 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  last 
  skin, 
  and 
  have 
  various 
  

   secondary 
  hairs. 
  The 
  prothorax 
  is 
  much 
  the 
  same, 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  meso- 
  

   thorax, 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  third 
  pairs 
  of 
  tubercles 
  each 
  have 
  one 
  secondary 
  

   hair 
  in 
  addition. 
  The 
  little 
  tubercle 
  behind 
  ii 
  and 
  iii 
  has 
  iwo 
  hairs 
  

   (one 
  above 
  the 
  other) 
  ; 
  immediately 
  behind 
  i 
  is 
  a 
  tubercle 
  with 
  two 
  

   hairs 
  (one 
  above 
  the 
  other) 
  ; 
  and 
  behind 
  ii 
  is 
  a 
  hair 
  that 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  

   a 
  tubercle, 
  or 
  a 
  secondary 
  hair 
  simply 
  ; 
  its 
  base 
  is 
  hardly 
  tubercular. 
  

   On 
  the 
  metathorax, 
  the 
  same 
  changes 
  have 
  taken 
  place, 
  except 
  that 
  the 
  

   tubercle 
  behind 
  i 
  is 
  a 
  single 
  hair, 
  like 
  that 
  behind 
  ii, 
  and 
  without 
  base. 
  

  

  