﻿408 
  

  

  BKITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  finely 
  bordered 
  with 
  white, 
  interior 
  white. 
  Middle 
  and 
  hind 
  tibiae 
  relatively 
  white 
  

   below 
  and 
  brown 
  above, 
  the 
  hind 
  tibiae 
  brown, 
  broadly 
  white 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  and 
  

   beyond 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  spurs. 
  Spurs, 
  inner 
  side 
  white, 
  outer 
  brown, 
  brown 
  at 
  the 
  

   apex. 
  Tarsi 
  white, 
  at 
  the 
  extremities 
  of 
  the 
  joints 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  broadly 
  dark 
  brown 
  

   or 
  black, 
  on 
  the 
  front 
  legs 
  beneath 
  mostly 
  quite 
  white. 
  The 
  1st 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  

   is 
  bordered, 
  on 
  both 
  sides, 
  broadly 
  with 
  shining 
  whitish 
  or 
  yellowish 
  ; 
  over 
  the 
  

   remaining 
  segments 
  run 
  two 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  distinct 
  fine 
  white 
  interrupted 
  lines 
  along 
  

   the 
  dorsum, 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  run 
  parallel, 
  on 
  the 
  3rd 
  and 
  4th, 
  where 
  they 
  

   are 
  very 
  distinct, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  remaining 
  segments, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  less 
  expressed, 
  

   they 
  diverge 
  posteriorly. 
  The 
  posterior 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  segments, 
  especially 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  middle 
  ones, 
  and 
  the 
  lateral 
  ridge 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  show 
  white 
  scaling 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  

   venter 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  fine 
  central 
  and 
  two 
  lateral 
  longitudinal 
  lines, 
  composed 
  of 
  thick 
  

   white 
  spots 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  segments. 
  Between 
  these 
  white 
  

   spots, 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  segments, 
  in 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  lie 
  deep 
  black 
  

   scales. 
  The 
  abdomen 
  often 
  exhibits 
  quite 
  a 
  spotted 
  appearance 
  through 
  these 
  

   markings. 
  Genitalia: 
  In 
  the 
  male 
  genitalia 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  types 
  to 
  be 
  distin- 
  

   guished. 
  The 
  species 
  of 
  Division 
  I 
  (of 
  the 
  table 
  that 
  follows) 
  are 
  distinguished 
  in 
  

   that 
  the 
  9th 
  dorsal 
  plate 
  is 
  split 
  into 
  two 
  strcng 
  parallel 
  processes, 
  hook-like 
  at 
  the 
  

   end, 
  bent 
  inwardly 
  or 
  downwardly, 
  while 
  the 
  small 
  three-cornered 
  10th 
  dorsal 
  

   plate 
  lies 
  between 
  the 
  processes 
  of 
  the 
  9th 
  ; 
  an 
  uncus 
  is 
  quite 
  absent. 
  The 
  penis 
  

   is 
  long 
  and 
  slender, 
  rather 
  thickened 
  behind. 
  The 
  prensors 
  are 
  short, 
  rounded 
  at 
  

   the 
  end, 
  and 
  particularly 
  distinguished 
  by 
  the 
  soft 
  lancet-like 
  skinny 
  appendage 
  

   with 
  strong 
  sensory 
  hairs. 
  The 
  9th 
  ventral 
  plate 
  is 
  small, 
  and 
  consists 
  of 
  two 
  

   little 
  chitinous 
  plates, 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  species 
  differently 
  shaped, 
  oval 
  or 
  elongated, 
  

   running 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  with 
  the 
  inner 
  margins 
  meeting 
  (taf. 
  hi., 
  fig. 
  8). 
  The 
  species 
  

   of 
  Division 
  II 
  agree 
  in 
  that 
  the 
  9th 
  and 
  10th 
  dorsal 
  plates 
  are 
  simple 
  skinny 
  forms, 
  

   sometimes 
  broader, 
  and 
  truncated 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  margin, 
  sometimes 
  narrower, 
  run- 
  

   ning 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  behind 
  ; 
  in 
  several 
  species 
  (the 
  0. 
  teucrii 
  group) 
  the 
  10th 
  dorsal 
  plate 
  

   is 
  very 
  small, 
  pointed, 
  and 
  hidden 
  under 
  the 
  9th 
  dorsal 
  plate. 
  The 
  9th 
  ventral 
  

   plate 
  is, 
  however, 
  in 
  these 
  species, 
  very 
  strongly 
  developed, 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  prensors, 
  

   convex 
  below, 
  concave 
  above, 
  split 
  terminally 
  in 
  two 
  tips 
  or 
  points. 
  The 
  prensors 
  

   are 
  very 
  long 
  and 
  narrow, 
  hollow 
  inside, 
  and 
  very 
  strongly 
  furnished 
  with 
  bristles, 
  

   without 
  the 
  appendages 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  Division. 
  The 
  penis 
  is 
  shaped 
  in 
  0. 
  

   didactylus 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  Division 
  I 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  0. 
  teucrii 
  group, 
  

   however, 
  it 
  is 
  highly 
  peculiar, 
  namely, 
  strongly 
  bent 
  downwards 
  before 
  and 
  behind, 
  

   and 
  terminating 
  often 
  in 
  two 
  strong 
  points, 
  a 
  shorter 
  and 
  a 
  longer 
  (taf. 
  iii., 
  fig. 
  9). 
  

   Habits 
  : 
  The 
  moths 
  fly 
  in 
  summer 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  July 
  and 
  August 
  ; 
  some 
  

   species 
  have 
  two 
  broods 
  (O. 
  tristis, 
  O. 
  parvidactylus, 
  O. 
  teucrii)*. 
  At 
  rest, 
  the 
  

   forewings 
  are 
  spread 
  out 
  flatly, 
  and 
  the 
  plumules 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings, 
  folded 
  over 
  

   one 
  another, 
  are 
  hidden 
  beneath 
  them 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  scale-tuft 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  plumule. 
  

  

  Larva 
  : 
  The 
  larvae 
  differ 
  much 
  according 
  to 
  their 
  mode 
  of 
  living 
  ; 
  those 
  living 
  ex- 
  

   posed 
  are 
  rather 
  swollen, 
  becoming 
  more 
  slender 
  anteriorly 
  and 
  posteriorly 
  ; 
  the 
  skin 
  

   is 
  spiculated 
  and 
  beset 
  sparsely 
  with 
  white 
  bristles, 
  dilated 
  knob-like 
  at 
  the 
  apices 
  ; 
  

   tubercles 
  large, 
  darkly-coloured, 
  mostly 
  furnished 
  with 
  several 
  hairs 
  or 
  bristles 
  ; 
  

   the 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  approach 
  very 
  closely, 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  form 
  double 
  tubercles 
  ; 
  

   ventral 
  prolegs 
  long, 
  stilt-like, 
  with 
  a 
  semicircle 
  of 
  brown 
  booklets 
  on 
  the 
  planta. 
  

   Those 
  larvae 
  which 
  live 
  in 
  the 
  shoots 
  of 
  plants 
  are, 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  whitish 
  or 
  

   yellowish, 
  maggot-like, 
  hardish 
  to 
  the 
  touch, 
  and 
  have 
  small 
  tubercles 
  furnished 
  

   with 
  a 
  single 
  long 
  hair 
  ; 
  true 
  legs 
  and 
  ventral 
  prolegs 
  short, 
  the 
  latter 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  

   brown 
  hooklets 
  on 
  the 
  planta. 
  The 
  foodplants, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  is 
  yet 
  known, 
  are 
  solely 
  

   the 
  Ldbiatae 
  and 
  Compositae 
  ; 
  those 
  of 
  certain 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  early 
  spring 
  

   (Oxyptilus 
  parvidactylus), 
  manifestly 
  hibernated; 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  appear 
  first 
  in 
  May 
  

   or 
  June, 
  or 
  even 
  later. 
  

  

  Pupa: 
  The 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  exposed 
  feeders 
  have 
  strongly-developed 
  dorsal 
  keels, 
  

   which 
  reach 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  and 
  tear 
  strong 
  thorns 
  beset 
  

   with 
  bristles. 
  These 
  thorns 
  are 
  continued 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  dorsum 
  of 
  tbe 
  remaining 
  

   abdominal 
  segments, 
  which 
  are 
  also 
  furnished 
  with 
  rows 
  of 
  bristle-bearing 
  

   tubercles. 
  The 
  wing-cases 
  reach 
  to 
  the 
  hind 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  

   segment, 
  the 
  leg-cases 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  hind 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  5th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  often 
  

   beyond 
  ; 
  the 
  former 
  have 
  bristly 
  ribs 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  The 
  cremaster 
  bears 
  

   the 
  usual 
  hooked 
  bristles 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  side. 
  In 
  O. 
  pilosellae, 
  

   which 
  pupates 
  in 
  a 
  cocoon, 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  say 
  in 
  the 
  fluff 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  the 
  dorsal 
  keels 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  is 
  very 
  doubtful. 
  Certainly, 
  in 
  Britain, 
  neither 
  parvidactyla 
  nor 
  

   teucrii 
  (heterodactyla) 
  is 
  double-brooded. 
  

  

  