﻿410 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  to 
  be 
  pupal 
  processes 
  rather 
  than 
  hairs, 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  

   dorsum 
  centrally, 
  and 
  associated 
  with 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  ; 
  and, 
  

   taking 
  into 
  account 
  the 
  rarity 
  of 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  wings 
  of 
  lepidopterous 
  

   pupae, 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  pupal 
  wings 
  of 
  

   the 
  Alucitines 
  are 
  similarly 
  spines 
  and 
  not 
  hairs. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  

   although 
  they 
  have 
  no 
  articulated 
  bases, 
  they 
  are 
  spiculated 
  just 
  like 
  

   the 
  other 
  hairs. 
  Leaving 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  question 
  for 
  the 
  moment, 
  it 
  

   is 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  fans 
  in 
  line 
  of 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  on 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  Capperia 
  lietero- 
  

   dactyla 
  presenting 
  five, 
  six, 
  and 
  seven 
  hairs, 
  are 
  strictly 
  homologous 
  with 
  

   the 
  dorsal 
  spines 
  of 
  the 
  Oxyptilids, 
  that 
  only 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  apparent 
  hairs 
  

   are 
  the 
  hairs 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  others 
  are 
  the 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  spines. 
  Besides 
  the 
  two 
  hairs, 
  these 
  horns 
  or 
  spines 
  present 
  two 
  

   points 
  in 
  Amhlyptilia 
  and 
  Marasmarcha, 
  in 
  some 
  others, 
  e.g., 
  Crombrugghia 
  

   distans 
  there 
  are 
  three, 
  and 
  here 
  in 
  Capperia 
  heterodactyla, 
  are 
  also 
  three 
  on 
  

   the 
  6th 
  and 
  7th 
  abdominals, 
  two 
  on 
  the 
  8th, 
  and 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  on 
  the 
  2nd, 
  3rd, 
  

   4th, 
  and 
  5th 
  abdominals. 
  Tbe 
  only 
  difference 
  in 
  them 
  is 
  that 
  here 
  these 
  

   processes 
  of 
  the 
  horn 
  are 
  comparatively 
  long 
  and 
  slender, 
  in 
  their 
  propor- 
  

   tions 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  hairs. 
  It 
  is 
  curious 
  that 
  these 
  horn-processes 
  are 
  

   rough, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  look 
  as 
  if 
  spiculated, 
  the 
  true 
  hairs 
  being 
  quite 
  smooth. 
  

   Tubercle 
  iii 
  has 
  the 
  true 
  hair 
  curved 
  forwards, 
  and 
  a 
  horn 
  or 
  process, 
  very 
  

   like 
  it 
  in 
  outline, 
  curved 
  backwards 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  similar 
  horn 
  directed 
  

   outwards 
  between 
  iv 
  and 
  v, 
  the 
  setae 
  on 
  which 
  are 
  directed 
  backward 
  

   and 
  forward 
  ; 
  vi 
  has 
  a 
  small 
  hair 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  it 
  ; 
  tubercle 
  vii 
  carries 
  

   simply 
  two 
  hairs. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  the 
  mediodorsal 
  horns 
  ; 
  these 
  

   are 
  slender, 
  and 
  have 
  much 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  hairs. 
  Referring 
  

   to 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  M. 
  lunaedactyla, 
  in 
  which 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  central 
  and 
  

   two 
  lateral 
  mediodorsal 
  horns, 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  central 
  one 
  in 
  Crombrugghia 
  

   (distans), 
  whilst 
  in 
  Capperia 
  heterodactyla 
  the 
  central 
  one 
  is 
  wanting, 
  

   and 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  two 
  lateral 
  ones. 
  Across 
  the 
  dorsum, 
  from 
  one 
  (i 
  + 
  ii) 
  

   spine 
  to 
  the 
  other, 
  is 
  a 
  narrow 
  ridge 
  with 
  wrinkled 
  (but 
  fairly 
  level) 
  

   top, 
  and 
  sharply-marked 
  walls 
  on 
  either 
  side. 
  It 
  exists 
  on 
  the 
  2nd, 
  3rd, 
  

   4th, 
  5th, 
  6th, 
  and 
  7th 
  abdominals, 
  and 
  divides 
  the 
  segment 
  into 
  two 
  

   portions, 
  a 
  rather 
  larger 
  anterior 
  ribbed 
  portion, 
  and 
  a 
  posterior 
  (inter- 
  

   segmental 
  subsegment), 
  which 
  has 
  the 
  sculpture 
  of 
  intersegmental 
  

   membrane. 
  This 
  ridge 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  three 
  equal 
  portions 
  by 
  the 
  

   origin 
  of 
  these 
  mediodorsal 
  spines 
  (really 
  subdorsal 
  here, 
  but 
  medio- 
  

   dorsal 
  because 
  internal 
  to 
  i). 
  From 
  a 
  combined 
  base 
  two 
  spines 
  diverge, 
  

   one 
  forwards, 
  one 
  backwards, 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  of 
  about 
  100° 
  to 
  each 
  other. 
  

   The 
  forward 
  one 
  is 
  about 
  02mm. 
  long, 
  the 
  posterior 
  rather 
  shorter. 
  

   Their 
  structure 
  and 
  texture 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  identical 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

   spines 
  (those 
  of 
  i 
  — 
  }— 
  ii). 
  This 
  pupa 
  further 
  gives 
  an 
  interesting 
  light 
  on 
  

   the 
  cleft 
  in 
  the 
  forewings. 
  "Poulton's 
  line" 
  is 
  well 
  marked, 
  and 
  has, 
  

   outside 
  it, 
  a 
  very 
  distinct 
  band, 
  differently 
  sculptured, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  area 
  

   outside 
  contrasts 
  with 
  that 
  within. 
  Now 
  the 
  cleft 
  is 
  also 
  well 
  marked; 
  

   in 
  front 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  vein 
  with 
  hairs 
  (?), 
  and 
  one 
  without 
  ; 
  behind 
  it 
  are 
  

   three 
  veins 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  haired, 
  but 
  these 
  run 
  up 
  the 
  cleft 
  with 
  a 
  strip 
  

   of 
  the 
  same 
  texture 
  as 
  that 
  outside 
  " 
  Poulton's 
  line," 
  of 
  fairly 
  uniform 
  

   width, 
  bounded 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  by 
  a 
  continuation 
  inwards 
  from 
  the 
  

   margin 
  of 
  " 
  Poulton's 
  line," 
  which 
  is 
  met 
  at 
  top, 
  where 
  it 
  crosses 
  from 
  

   one 
  side 
  to 
  the 
  other, 
  by 
  a 
  short 
  vein 
  (5 
  and 
  6 
  ?) 
  which 
  starts 
  just 
  

   above 
  from 
  the 
  transverse 
  vein. 
  The 
  cleft 
  is 
  therefore 
  an 
  extension 
  

   inwards 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  margin, 
  as, 
  on 
  thinking 
  a 
  moment, 
  one 
  sees 
  it 
  

   must 
  be, 
  and 
  not, 
  as 
  one 
  hastily 
  supposes, 
  a 
  slit 
  in 
  the 
  wing 
  tissue 
  

  

  