﻿430 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  reach 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  and 
  their 
  prolonged 
  

   apices, 
  legs, 
  etc., 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  5th 
  abdominal. 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  terra- 
  

   cotta-coloured, 
  with 
  a 
  dark 
  shade 
  down 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  dorsum, 
  darkest 
  on 
  

   thorax, 
  and 
  some 
  dark 
  shading 
  down 
  antenna, 
  and 
  between 
  veins 
  of 
  

   wings. 
  Seen 
  dorsally, 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  widest 
  at 
  mesothorax, 
  tapers 
  

   slightly 
  to 
  5th 
  abdominal, 
  thence 
  more 
  rapidly. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  rather 
  

   bent 
  forward, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  wing- 
  spines 
  are 
  level 
  with 
  the 
  lower 
  margin 
  

   of 
  eyes, 
  and 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  pupa 
  is 
  rather 
  blunt 
  and 
  truncate, 
  the 
  

   thickest 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  being 
  only 
  0'5mm. 
  from 
  extreme 
  front. 
  The 
  

   first 
  legs 
  reach 
  to 
  end 
  of 
  wings, 
  the 
  maxilla 
  disappearing 
  under 
  them 
  at 
  

   about 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  their 
  length 
  ; 
  antenna 
  rather 
  shorter 
  than 
  first 
  

   legs 
  ; 
  wing-veins 
  (some 
  of 
  them 
  very 
  obvious) 
  la, 
  lb, 
  1, 
  2, 
  3, 
  and 
  two 
  

   more 
  costal, 
  a 
  line 
  also 
  of 
  medio-cellular 
  veins. 
  There 
  are 
  certain 
  

   hooks 
  on 
  the 
  head 
  that 
  are 
  especially 
  to 
  be 
  remarked. 
  Between 
  the 
  

   jaws 
  and 
  the 
  maxillary 
  bases 
  is 
  a 
  diamond 
  of 
  labium 
  ; 
  above 
  these 
  the 
  

   labrum, 
  and 
  above 
  this 
  a 
  square 
  piece, 
  the 
  clypeus 
  ; 
  immediately 
  above 
  

   this, 
  on 
  either 
  side, 
  are 
  two 
  minute 
  sharp 
  points, 
  brown 
  and 
  chitinous, 
  

   on 
  a 
  thicker 
  pale 
  base 
  ; 
  they 
  point 
  directly 
  ventrally 
  ; 
  above 
  and 
  behind 
  

   these, 
  and 
  external 
  to 
  them, 
  are 
  two 
  very 
  large 
  hooks, 
  curved, 
  and 
  with 
  

   their 
  dark, 
  sharp, 
  spines 
  similarly 
  pointed 
  ventrally; 
  just 
  below, 
  and 
  in 
  

   front 
  of, 
  the 
  points, 
  along 
  hair 
  arises 
  (pointing 
  also 
  ventrally), 
  making 
  the 
  

   process, 
  in 
  some 
  aspects, 
  like 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  

   in 
  Marasmarcha. 
  Then, 
  further 
  out 
  and 
  further 
  back, 
  in 
  line 
  with 
  outer 
  

   margin 
  of 
  eye, 
  is 
  a 
  third 
  sharp 
  point 
  directed 
  ventrally. 
  These 
  three 
  pairs 
  

   of 
  hooks 
  are 
  so 
  placed 
  as 
  to 
  enable 
  tbe 
  pupa 
  to 
  secure 
  a 
  hold 
  of 
  anything 
  

   suitable 
  (like 
  the 
  silken 
  lining 
  of 
  its 
  cocoon), 
  and 
  to 
  pull 
  itself 
  

   forwards, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  hold, 
  during 
  further 
  movements. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  

   two 
  pairs 
  of 
  minute 
  hairs 
  on 
  (or 
  near) 
  the 
  clypeus, 
  and 
  another 
  large 
  

   hair 
  behind 
  the 
  largest 
  hook. 
  The 
  two 
  hairs 
  on 
  this 
  hook 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  

   the 
  antennae, 
  basal 
  pair, 
  and 
  the 
  outer 
  hook 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  antennal 
  scape 
  ; 
  

   there 
  are 
  minute 
  sharp 
  points 
  to 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  three 
  joints 
  of 
  the 
  

   flagellum. 
  The 
  thorax 
  carries 
  the 
  usual 
  two 
  dorsal 
  flanges, 
  with 
  

   three 
  hairs, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  sharp 
  point 
  on 
  it, 
  at 
  its 
  highest 
  position 
  on 
  

   mesothorax, 
  directed 
  backwards. 
  There 
  are 
  several 
  other 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  

   pro- 
  and 
  mesothorax, 
  and 
  one 
  at 
  front 
  corner 
  of 
  metathorax. 
  These 
  

   are 
  all 
  03mrn. 
  to 
  0-4mm. 
  long. 
  The 
  hairs 
  on 
  the 
  following 
  abdominal 
  

   segments 
  are 
  all 
  short, 
  0-lmm., 
  or 
  shorter. 
  The 
  hindwing 
  ends 
  just 
  

   below 
  the 
  spiracle 
  of 
  the 
  2nd 
  abdominal. 
  On 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  

   segment 
  the 
  hairs 
  become 
  longer 
  again, 
  and 
  here 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  have, 
  

   between 
  them, 
  a 
  sharp, 
  dark, 
  chitinous 
  spine 
  ; 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  rather 
  close 
  

   together, 
  with 
  a 
  wide 
  space 
  between 
  them 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  opposite 
  

   side; 
  iii 
  is 
  represented 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  following 
  abdominal 
  

   segments 
  ; 
  iv 
  (02mm.) 
  and 
  v 
  (0-3mm.) 
  are 
  first 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  wing 
  

   on 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  4th 
  and 
  5th 
  abdominals, 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

   spines 
  are 
  larger, 
  and 
  curved 
  a 
  little 
  outwards, 
  and 
  more 
  so 
  on 
  the 
  

   6th, 
  7th, 
  and 
  8th 
  abdominals; 
  on 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal, 
  absent, 
  or 
  

   represented 
  by 
  a 
  dark 
  brown 
  point 
  beside 
  the 
  rather 
  long 
  hair 
  

   (0'5mm.). 
  The 
  terminal 
  (cremastral) 
  hairs 
  are 
  long 
  (0-4mm.), 
  brown, 
  

   about 
  six 
  in 
  number, 
  curved 
  at 
  the 
  tips, 
  but 
  obviously 
  too 
  pliant 
  and 
  too 
  

   little 
  hooked 
  to 
  have 
  any 
  cremastral 
  function. 
  Tubercle 
  v 
  is 
  on 
  a 
  slight 
  

   elevation, 
  greater 
  on 
  the 
  posterior 
  segments; 
  the 
  wing-spine 
  is 
  marked 
  

   by 
  a 
  very 
  minute, 
  sharp, 
  brown 
  point 
  ; 
  tubercle 
  vi 
  is 
  well-marked 
  as 
  a 
  

   strong 
  hair 
  on 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal, 
  and 
  inwards 
  by 
  a 
  hair 
  directed 
  

  

  