﻿OXYPTILUS 
  PAKVIDACTYLA. 
  

  

  431 
  

  

  backwards, 
  rather 
  thick 
  and 
  strong, 
  about 
  0'35mni. 
  long 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  4th, 
  

   5th, 
  6th, 
  7th, 
  and 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  segments, 
  vii 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  long, 
  

   strong, 
  posterior 
  hair, 
  and 
  a 
  shorter 
  forward 
  one, 
  the 
  long 
  one 
  

   0-5mm., 
  the 
  shorter 
  0'25mm., 
  on 
  the 
  8th 
  abdominal 
  only 
  one 
  shorter 
  

   hair 
  ; 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  possesses 
  a 
  similar 
  hair, 
  probably 
  of 
  same 
  

   series. 
  In 
  place 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  bosses, 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  possesses 
  two 
  

   strong 
  hooks, 
  large 
  basally, 
  curved 
  a 
  little 
  forwards, 
  with 
  sharp 
  brown 
  

   points 
  ; 
  on 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  four, 
  long, 
  cremastral 
  hairs 
  (functionless 
  

   cremastrally), 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  apex. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  hooks 
  of 
  the 
  6th, 
  7th, 
  

   a-nd 
  8th 
  abdominals 
  have 
  the 
  concavity 
  forwards 
  ; 
  the 
  9th 
  and 
  10th 
  

   abdominals 
  carry 
  several 
  other 
  long 
  hairs. 
  The 
  anal 
  scar 
  is 
  distinct, 
  

   the 
  ventral 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  cremastral 
  spine 
  (terminal) 
  is 
  finely 
  grooved 
  

   longitudinally. 
  The 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  appendage-spine 
  consists 
  of 
  maxillae, 
  the 
  

   tarsal 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  legs, 
  and 
  tips 
  of 
  wing-process. 
  The 
  

   surface-sculpturing 
  is 
  fine 
  pitting, 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  faint 
  indication 
  of 
  

   the 
  frequent 
  transverse 
  ribbing 
  is 
  detected. 
  [Imago 
  emerged 
  June 
  

   9th, 
  1906 
  (Chapman).] 
  Slender; 
  pale 
  yellowish 
  in 
  colour; 
  differs 
  from 
  

   pupae 
  of 
  the 
  closely-allied 
  species, 
  0. 
  hieracii 
  and 
  0. 
  ericetomm, 
  by 
  the 
  

   absence 
  of 
  the 
  spines 
  on 
  the 
  thorax 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  three 
  abdominal 
  

   segments, 
  and 
  especially 
  by 
  the 
  cremaster. 
  This 
  terminates 
  in 
  a 
  fine 
  

   point, 
  directed 
  upwards, 
  and 
  has, 
  on 
  the 
  venter, 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  hind- 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  9th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  instead 
  of 
  the 
  heap 
  of 
  hooked 
  

   bristles 
  usually 
  present 
  here 
  in 
  the 
  Alucitids, 
  two 
  long 
  processes, 
  

   which, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  cremaster, 
  are 
  furnished 
  with 
  long, 
  

   stiff 
  bristles, 
  partly 
  straight, 
  and 
  partly 
  bent, 
  hook-like 
  at 
  the 
  end. 
  

   Zeller 
  has 
  already 
  accurately 
  described 
  and 
  figured 
  the 
  remarkable 
  

   formation 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  (his, 
  1841, 
  p. 
  794, 
  pi. 
  iv., 
  fig. 
  26) 
  (Hofmann). 
  

   Time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  — 
  The 
  species 
  is 
  absolutely 
  single-brooded 
  in 
  

   Britain". 
  In 
  very 
  early 
  seasons 
  the 
  moth 
  is 
  well 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   June, 
  but, 
  in 
  late 
  seasons, 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  much 
  before 
  the 
  commencement 
  

   of 
  July, 
  and 
  then, 
  occasionally, 
  lasts 
  until 
  early 
  August 
  ; 
  the 
  last 
  fortnight 
  

   of 
  June, 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  weeks 
  of 
  July, 
  form, 
  however, 
  its 
  average 
  

   time 
  of 
  appearance. 
  The 
  same 
  extended 
  period 
  appears 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  

   Belgium 
  (Crombrugghe 
  de 
  Picquendaele), 
  in 
  Switzerland 
  (beginning 
  of 
  

   June 
  to 
  end 
  of 
  July, 
  at 
  Zurich, 
  and 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  at 
  Samaden, 
  at 
  

   6000ft. 
  elevation) 
  (Frey), 
  and 
  in 
  Germany, 
  where 
  Speyer 
  gives 
  mid- 
  June 
  

   to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  August 
  for 
  Waldeck 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  commencement 
  of 
  

   August 
  in 
  Brandenburg 
  (Sorhagen) 
  ; 
  July 
  in 
  Mecklenburg 
  (Gillmer) 
  ; 
  

   in 
  Hamburg 
  (Sauber), 
  etc. 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  in 
  the 
  Mombacher 
  Wald 
  

   (Rossler) 
  ; 
  commencement 
  of 
  July 
  in 
  the 
  Dolauer 
  Haide 
  (Stange) 
  ; 
  end 
  

   of 
  July 
  and 
  August 
  in 
  Silesia 
  (Moschler) 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  commence- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  July 
  in 
  the 
  Kingdom 
  of 
  Saxony 
  (Schutze) 
  ; 
  from 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  July 
  in 
  Bavaria 
  (Schmid) 
  ; 
  and 
  June 
  and 
  July' 
  in 
  

   Wiirttemberg 
  (Steudel 
  and 
  Hofmann). 
  In 
  Austro-Hungary, 
  one 
  

   notes 
  May 
  to 
  commencement 
  of 
  August 
  in 
  Moravia 
  (Gartner) 
  : 
  May 
  

   and 
  June 
  in 
  the 
  Vienna 
  district, 
  and 
  in 
  Carniola 
  (Mann) 
  : 
  whilst 
  May 
  

   27th 
  to 
  June 
  4th 
  are 
  given 
  for 
  Plitsch, 
  in 
  Carinthia 
  (Zellerj. 
  The 
  

   end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  July 
  are 
  noted 
  for 
  the 
  Baltic 
  Provinces 
  (Nolcken) 
  : 
  

   June 
  for 
  Bulgaria 
  (Rebel) 
  ; 
  but 
  as 
  curly 
  as 
  Mav 
  near 
  Brussa 
  (Mann) 
  ; 
  

   and, 
  in 
  Roumania, 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  July 
  near 
  Varatic; 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  

  

  * 
  We 
  arc 
  quite 
  unable 
  bo 
  acoept 
  Sand's 
  statement 
  that 
  it 
  appears 
  in 
  June 
  

   and 
  again 
  in 
  September, 
  in 
  the 
  Anvergne 
  distriot, 
  without 
  confirmation. 
  

  

  