﻿OXYPTILUS 
  PILOSELL^E. 
  441 
  

  

  dark 
  brown-red 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  black 
  costa, 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  to 
  the 
  cleft, 
  

   dotted 
  with 
  snow-white 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  disc 
  near 
  the 
  incision 
  lie, 
  behind 
  

   a 
  dark 
  mark, 
  crowded 
  white 
  scales, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  some 
  on 
  the 
  division. 
  

   Over 
  both 
  the 
  lobes, 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  positions, 
  are 
  two 
  snow-white, 
  some- 
  

   what 
  shining, 
  transverse 
  lines, 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  second 
  lobe 
  not 
  reaching 
  

   the 
  inner 
  edge 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  one 
  thick, 
  oblique 
  from 
  behind 
  forwards, 
  

   going 
  into 
  the 
  fringe 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  one 
  very 
  thin, 
  often 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  lobe 
  

   broken 
  to 
  an 
  angle, 
  not 
  reaching 
  the 
  fringe. 
  From 
  this 
  second 
  line 
  to 
  

   apex 
  the 
  costal 
  fringes 
  yellowish, 
  and 
  ending 
  in 
  this 
  colour 
  at 
  a 
  long- 
  

   black 
  streak 
  ; 
  the 
  posterior 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  lobe 
  has, 
  behind 
  a 
  

   black 
  marginal 
  line, 
  a 
  whitish-yellow, 
  concave, 
  darker, 
  emarginate 
  line 
  

   on 
  the 
  fringe. 
  The 
  fringes 
  blackish, 
  in 
  the 
  incision 
  paler 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  

   inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  yellowish, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  black 
  scales, 
  which 
  are 
  

   easily 
  lost, 
  but 
  are 
  firmest 
  behind 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  incision. 
  Hind- 
  

   wings 
  clear 
  red-brown, 
  with 
  black 
  fringes; 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  has, 
  before 
  

   the 
  yellowish-fringed 
  apex, 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  deep, 
  black, 
  crowded 
  scales, 
  

   of 
  which 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  border 
  are 
  rather 
  the 
  longer 
  and 
  form 
  a 
  

   sort 
  of 
  tooth, 
  becoming 
  gradually 
  shorter 
  towards 
  the 
  tip 
  (Zeller, 
  his, 
  

   1841, 
  p. 
  827).] 
  

  

  Egglaying. 
  — 
  Nothing 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  egg-laying 
  or 
  egg 
  

   of 
  0. 
  pilosellae. 
  Nolcken 
  observes 
  that 
  he 
  captured 
  a 
  pair, 
  in 
  cop., 
  in 
  

   the 
  Eiga 
  district, 
  August 
  7th, 
  1870, 
  that 
  eggs 
  were 
  laid, 
  and 
  that, 
  from 
  

   these, 
  young 
  larvae 
  emerged 
  on 
  August 
  22nd. 
  

  

  Ovum. 
  — 
  Undescribed. 
  

  

  Larval 
  habits.— 
  As 
  the 
  foodplant, 
  Hieracium 
  pilosella, 
  grows 
  in 
  

   patches, 
  there 
  are 
  always 
  several 
  larvae 
  near 
  together, 
  though 
  only 
  one 
  

   lives 
  in 
  each 
  plant. 
  The 
  plant 
  tenanted 
  by 
  a 
  larva 
  has 
  no 
  flower- 
  

   stalk, 
  and 
  is 
  easily 
  recognisable 
  by 
  the 
  loose 
  white 
  fluff 
  over 
  the 
  

   central 
  shoot, 
  by 
  which 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  roof 
  is 
  formed 
  for 
  the 
  larva. 
  This 
  

   fluff 
  is 
  scraped 
  off 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  and 
  mixed 
  w 
  T 
  ith 
  a 
  few- 
  

   hairs 
  from 
  the 
  upperside. 
  Under 
  this 
  poorly-protecting 
  roof 
  the 
  

   maggot-like 
  larva, 
  deeply 
  boring, 
  eats 
  out 
  the 
  heart, 
  and 
  often 
  

   gnaws 
  the 
  tender 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  shoot 
  from 
  the 
  margin 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  mid- 
  

   rib. 
  As 
  a 
  rule, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  satisfied 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  plant 
  ; 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  

   deserted 
  dwellings, 
  and, 
  in 
  neighbouring 
  plants, 
  well-grown 
  larvae, 
  

   which 
  were 
  just 
  commencing 
  to 
  form 
  their 
  roofs, 
  and, 
  therefore, 
  could 
  

   not 
  have 
  dwelt 
  there 
  from 
  their 
  youth 
  upwards. 
  The 
  larvae 
  are 
  full- 
  

   grown 
  at 
  very 
  uneven 
  periods, 
  and 
  still 
  very 
  young 
  larvae 
  occur, 
  when 
  

   others 
  have 
  already 
  pupated. 
  The 
  excrement 
  is 
  pale 
  yellowish, 
  not 
  

   in 
  great 
  quantity, 
  and 
  dry. 
  The 
  larvae 
  can 
  let 
  themselves 
  down 
  by 
  a 
  

   thread. 
  In 
  its 
  chosen 
  habitats, 
  the 
  larva 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  often 
  in 
  

   abundance, 
  in 
  June 
  (Zeller). 
  In 
  Baden, 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  stems 
  

   of 
  Hieracium 
  pilosella 
  (Reutti). 
  The 
  larva 
  lives 
  among 
  the 
  lower 
  

   leaves 
  of 
  //. 
  pilosella, 
  where 
  it 
  makes 
  a 
  flattish 
  roof, 
  beneath 
  which 
  

   it 
  burrows 
  into 
  the 
  innermost 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  devours 
  

   even 
  the 
  leaves 
  themselves, 
  after 
  which 
  it 
  will 
  go 
  to 
  another 
  plan! 
  : 
  

   the 
  plants 
  thus 
  attacked 
  do 
  not 
  produce 
  (lowers 
  (Wallengren). 
  The 
  

   larvae 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  Briinn, 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May, 
  on 
  1 
  1, 
  pilosella, 
  the 
  

   central 
  shoots 
  of 
  which 
  are, 
  at 
  this 
  time, 
  clothed 
  with 
  a 
  cottony- 
  or 
  woolly- 
  

   like 
  bunch, 
  beneath 
  which 
  the 
  larvaB 
  spin 
  flimsy 
  webs, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  can 
  

   be 
  found 
  of 
  all 
  ages; 
  but, 
  although 
  imagines 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  by 
  June 
  

   20th, 
  half-grown 
  larvae 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  in 
  nature 
  

   (Gartner). 
  Freyer 
  observes 
  that 
  Plotz 
  first 
  found 
  larva 
  on 
  the 
  under- 
  

  

  