﻿444 
  

  

  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  obliquely 
  swollen, 
  and 
  has, 
  on 
  its 
  uppermost 
  part, 
  two 
  whitish, 
  outwardly 
  

   curved, 
  longitudinal 
  keels. 
  From 
  the 
  union 
  of 
  these 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   the 
  back 
  run 
  two 
  narrow 
  little-raised 
  keels 
  over 
  the 
  first 
  three 
  segments 
  

   ■of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  ; 
  they 
  disappear 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  segments 
  and 
  rise 
  

   again 
  on 
  the 
  hindmost, 
  and 
  bear, 
  on 
  each 
  segment, 
  on 
  a 
  little 
  elevation 
  

   anteriorly, 
  a 
  very 
  short, 
  and 
  behind, 
  a 
  long, 
  backwardly-curved, 
  bristle. 
  

   Further 
  down, 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  each 
  segment, 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  elevation 
  with 
  a 
  

   bristle, 
  and 
  below 
  it 
  a 
  depression, 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  which 
  lies 
  the 
  scarcely 
  

   recognisable 
  spiracle. 
  Below 
  the 
  depression, 
  on 
  a 
  raised 
  longitudinal 
  

   line, 
  two 
  very 
  short 
  bristles 
  are 
  placed, 
  more 
  towards 
  the 
  venter, 
  and, 
  in 
  

   the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  segment, 
  a 
  longer 
  bristle, 
  and 
  quite 
  below 
  two 
  more, 
  one 
  

   behind 
  the 
  other. 
  The 
  bristles 
  are 
  clear, 
  directed 
  posteriorly, 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  

   thorax, 
  however, 
  directed 
  forwards. 
  The 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  is 
  

   very 
  finely 
  and 
  closely 
  wrinkled, 
  most 
  deeply 
  on 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  back. 
  

   On 
  the 
  wing-cases 
  the 
  nervures 
  are 
  raised 
  and 
  white 
  in 
  colour. 
  On 
  

   the 
  venter, 
  at 
  the 
  commencement 
  of 
  the 
  penultimate 
  segment, 
  is 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  pale- 
  reddish 
  prickles, 
  directed 
  backwards 
  with 
  dark-hooked 
  

   terminations 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  shorter 
  than 
  the 
  anal 
  bristles, 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  

   found 
  the 
  pupa 
  anchored 
  with 
  them. 
  On 
  the 
  anal 
  point 
  there 
  are 
  

   many 
  such 
  prickles, 
  w 
  7 
  hich, 
  however, 
  but 
  little 
  strike 
  the 
  eye 
  from 
  above 
  : 
  

   these 
  alone 
  I 
  saw 
  hooked 
  into 
  the 
  silk 
  and 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  holdfast. 
  In 
  

   about 
  fourteen 
  days 
  the 
  moth 
  appears 
  (Zeller, 
  Isis, 
  1841, 
  pp. 
  789-793). 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  is 
  whitish, 
  with 
  two 
  projecting 
  nosehorns, 
  and 
  tw 
  T 
  o 
  dorsal 
  

   ridges, 
  with 
  bristles, 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  three 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  ; 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  hollows, 
  and 
  the 
  penultimate 
  and 
  anal 
  

   segments 
  have 
  dorsal 
  hooks, 
  by 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  attached 
  (Wallengren). 
  

   The 
  pupa 
  is 
  whitish 
  with 
  two 
  frontal 
  elevations 
  and 
  two 
  ledges 
  (dorsal 
  

   keels) 
  on 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  four 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  

   of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  shallow 
  dimple 
  on 
  each 
  segment. 
  On 
  

   the 
  wing-cases 
  the 
  nervures 
  are 
  raised 
  and 
  white. 
  It 
  differs 
  essentially 
  

   from 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  0. 
  hieracii 
  in 
  that 
  the 
  bristly 
  dorsal 
  keels 
  disappear 
  

   on 
  the 
  middle 
  segments, 
  and 
  only 
  rise 
  again 
  on 
  the 
  hindmost 
  segments 
  

   (Hofmann). 
  The 
  lively 
  pupa 
  is 
  slender, 
  bone-yellow, 
  with 
  two 
  points 
  

   on 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  thorax 
  humped 
  ; 
  anal 
  end 
  pointed 
  ; 
  wing- 
  and 
  leg-cases 
  

   leave 
  two 
  segments 
  free, 
  and 
  are 
  reddish-brown 
  at 
  their 
  terminations 
  ; 
  

   the 
  segments 
  bear 
  single 
  hairs 
  directed 
  backwards 
  (Gartner). 
  

  

  Comparison 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  0. 
  piLosELLiE 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  0. 
  hieracii. 
  

   — 
  0. 
  pilosellae 
  : 
  — 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  0. 
  pilosellae 
  is 
  whitish, 
  with 
  two 
  

   elevations 
  with 
  radiating 
  bristles, 
  and 
  two 
  bristly 
  dorsal 
  keels 
  on 
  the 
  

   dorsum 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  four 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  lateral 
  area 
  of 
  

   each 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  shallow 
  7 
  depression. 
  On 
  the 
  

   wing-cases 
  the 
  nervures 
  are 
  white 
  and 
  raised. 
  From 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  

   0. 
  hieracii 
  it 
  essentially 
  differs, 
  in 
  that 
  the 
  bristly 
  dorsal 
  keels 
  disappear 
  

   on 
  the 
  middle 
  segments 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  only 
  rise 
  again 
  on 
  the 
  

   terminal 
  segments. 
  0. 
  hieracii 
  : 
  — 
  The 
  pupa 
  of 
  0. 
  hieracii 
  has, 
  on 
  the 
  

   dorsum 
  of 
  each 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  laterally 
  compressed 
  elevations, 
  

   these 
  are 
  largest 
  on 
  the 
  4th 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  and 
  decrease 
  in 
  size 
  

   towards 
  both 
  extremities. 
  The 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  bright 
  green 
  

   with 
  reddish 
  and 
  brown 
  markings, 
  and 
  a 
  dark, 
  wmitish-bordered, 
  medio- 
  

   dorsal 
  line 
  (c/. 
  Hofmann, 
  Die 
  Deutsch. 
  Pteroph., 
  pp. 
  107-109). 
  

  

  [Lifehistory 
  of 
  Oxyptilus 
  hieracii. 
  — 
  As 
  0. 
  liieracii 
  has, 
  for 
  many 
  

   years, 
  been 
  erroneously 
  quoted 
  as 
  a 
  British 
  species, 
  and, 
  as 
  there 
  is 
  noth- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  the 
  foodplant, 
  habitat, 
  or 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  which 
  should 
  

  

  