﻿CROMBRUGGHIA. 
  449 
  

  

  (Schiitze), 
  Bavaria 
  — 
  near 
  Eegensburg, 
  Keilstein, 
  Winzerberge, 
  common 
  (Hofmann 
  

   and 
  Herrich-Schaffer), 
  near 
  Munich, 
  Isar-Auen 
  (Hartmann), 
  Wurttemberg, 
  general 
  

   (Steudel 
  and 
  Hofmann), 
  Baden, 
  general 
  — 
  Freiburg, 
  etc. 
  (Beutti), 
  Alsace 
  (Meess 
  and 
  

   Spuler), 
  the 
  Palatinate 
  (Bertram). 
  Italy: 
  Piedmont 
  — 
  Bobbie, 
  Au 
  Pra, 
  Cour- 
  

   mayeur 
  (Tutt), 
  Tuscany* 
  (Mann), 
  Alzate, 
  Giardini 
  (Turati). 
  Netherlands: 
  dis- 
  

   tributed 
  throughout, 
  often 
  common 
  (Snellen). 
  Eoumania: 
  Grumazesti 
  (Caradja). 
  

   Russia: 
  Baltic 
  Provinces, 
  distributed 
  — 
  Riga 
  district 
  (Berg), 
  Stint- 
  and 
  Jagelsee, 
  

   Magnusholm, 
  QEsel 
  (Nolcken), 
  Livonia 
  — 
  Kokenhusen 
  (Lienig), 
  Grosen 
  (Rosen- 
  

   berger). 
  Scandinavia 
  : 
  throughout 
  Sweden, 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Lapland 
  — 
  Ostrogoth- 
  

   land, 
  Gottland, 
  (Eland, 
  Scania 
  (Zetterstedt) 
  — 
  Trolle-Ljungby 
  (Wallengren). 
  Swit- 
  

   zerland: 
  widely 
  distributed, 
  near 
  Zurich, 
  Pfaffikon, 
  etc. 
  (Suter). 
  

  

  N.B. 
  — 
  The 
  record 
  of 
  Pterophorus 
  hieracii 
  ?, 
  Galway 
  — 
  Merlin 
  Park, 
  mid-June, 
  

   1880 
  (Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag., 
  xvii., 
  p. 
  81) 
  is 
  certainly 
  pilosellae 
  (J. 
  J. 
  Walker, 
  in 
  litt., 
  

   October 
  10th, 
  1906). 
  

  

  Genus 
  : 
  Crombrugghia, 
  Tutt. 
  

  

  Synonymy. 
  — 
  Genus: 
  Crombrugghia, 
  n. 
  gen. 
  Alucita, 
  Haw., 
  " 
  Lep. 
  

   Brit.," 
  p. 
  479 
  (1811). 
  Pterophorus, 
  Sam., 
  "Ent. 
  Usef. 
  Comp.," 
  p. 
  409 
  

   (1819); 
  ZelL, 
  " 
  Isis," 
  p. 
  902 
  (1847); 
  Frey, 
  "Die 
  Tin. 
  Pter. 
  Schw.," 
  p. 
  

   408 
  (1856); 
  Knaggs, 
  "Ent. 
  Ann.," 
  p. 
  127 
  (1869). 
  Amblyptilia, 
  Stphs., 
  

   "Illus. 
  Brit. 
  Ent. 
  Haust.," 
  p. 
  377 
  (1834); 
  app. 
  p. 
  424 
  (1835). 
  Oxyptilus* 
  

   ZelL, 
  "Linn. 
  Ent.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  345 
  (1852) 
  ; 
  H.-Sch., 
  " 
  Sys. 
  Bearb.," 
  v., 
  pp. 
  370, 
  372 
  

   (1855) 
  ; 
  Jord., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  vi., 
  p. 
  122 
  (1869) 
  ; 
  Staud. 
  and 
  Wocke, 
  " 
  Cat.," 
  

   2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  342 
  (1871); 
  Staud., 
  " 
  Hor. 
  Soc. 
  Ent. 
  Ross.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  424 
  (1880); 
  Frey,. 
  

   "Lep. 
  Schweiz," 
  p. 
  429 
  (1880); 
  Jord., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  xviii., 
  p. 
  122 
  (1881) 
  ; 
  

   South, 
  " 
  Ent.," 
  xv., 
  p. 
  35 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  Barr., 
  " 
  Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  xviii., 
  p. 
  178 
  (1882) 
  ; 
  

   Snell., 
  "De 
  Vlind.," 
  ii., 
  p. 
  1028 
  (1882); 
  Sorhgn., 
  " 
  Kleinschmett. 
  Brandbg.," 
  

   p. 
  3 
  (1886) 
  ; 
  Leech, 
  "Brit. 
  Pyr.," 
  p. 
  56 
  (1886); 
  South, 
  "Ent.," 
  xxii., 
  pp. 
  32, 
  103 
  

   (1889) 
  ; 
  Barr., 
  "Ent. 
  Mo. 
  Mag.," 
  xxv., 
  p. 
  431 
  (1889) 
  ; 
  Tutt, 
  " 
  Young 
  Nat.," 
  x., 
  

   p. 
  164 
  (1889) 
  ; 
  "Brit. 
  Nat.," 
  i., 
  pp. 
  141, 
  181 
  (1891); 
  "Pter. 
  Brit.," 
  pp. 
  60, 
  62 
  

   (1895); 
  Meyr., 
  "Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Lond.," 
  p. 
  485 
  (1890) 
  ; 
  "Handbook," 
  etc., 
  

   p. 
  431 
  (1895) 
  ; 
  Hofmn., 
  " 
  Deutsch. 
  Pter.," 
  pp. 
  95, 
  105 
  Q895) 
  ; 
  Staud. 
  and 
  Reb., 
  

   "Cat.," 
  3rd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  71 
  (1901); 
  Barr., 
  "Lep. 
  Brit. 
  Isles," 
  ix., 
  p. 
  365 
  (1904). 
  

   Oxyptilia, 
  Hein. 
  and 
  Wocke, 
  " 
  Schmett. 
  Deutsch.," 
  hi., 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  790 
  (1877). 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  Crombrugghia, 
  as 
  already 
  noted 
  (antea, 
  p. 
  411), 
  forms 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  constituent 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  tribe 
  Oxyptilidi. 
  It 
  is 
  

   Zeller's 
  sect, 
  a 
  of 
  Oxyptilus 
  (Linn. 
  Ent., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  342), 
  Herrich- 
  

   Schaffer's 
  sect. 
  4 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Oxyptilus 
  (see 
  antea, 
  p. 
  405), 
  and 
  

   Hofmann's 
  group 
  1, 
  sect. 
  A 
  (see 
  antea, 
  p. 
  412 
  where 
  his 
  diagnosis 
  of 
  

   the 
  imagines 
  is 
  given). 
  The 
  three 
  most 
  striking 
  points 
  of 
  the 
  imaginal 
  

   structure 
  are 
  : 
  (1) 
  The 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  cleft 
  of 
  the 
  forewing. 
  (2) 
  The 
  

   tendency 
  to 
  linear 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  forewing. 
  (3) 
  The 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing 
  and 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  

   scale-tuft 
  thereon. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  our 
  British 
  Oxyptilid 
  species 
  are 
  concerned, 
  

   there 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  difficulty 
  in 
  at 
  once 
  recognising 
  distans 
  by 
  the 
  scale-tuft 
  

   being 
  towards 
  the 
  centre 
  rather 
  than 
  towards 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  

   of 
  the 
  hindwing. 
  The 
  Crombrugghias, 
  as 
  exemplified 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  and 
  

   pupa, 
  however, 
  present 
  marked 
  characters 
  separating 
  them 
  from 
  

   Oxyptilus, 
  as 
  here 
  restricted. 
  The 
  larval 
  structure 
  of 
  Crombrugghia 
  (as 
  

   exemplified 
  by 
  distans) 
  is 
  particularly 
  noticeable 
  for 
  the 
  stellate-haired 
  

   tubercles 
  that 
  replace 
  the 
  simple 
  seta3 
  in 
  Oxyptilus 
  (that 
  of 
  laetus 
  is 
  

   much 
  modified). 
  It 
  is 
  unfortunate 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  this 
  our 
  only 
  

   British 
  Crombrugghia 
  (<iistans), 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  

   Comparing, 
  however, 
  the 
  pupal 
  structure 
  of 
  ( 
  'rombrugghia 
  (distans) 
  

   with 
  Oxyptilus 
  (parvidactyla), 
  Chapman 
  gives 
  the 
  following 
  details 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Crombrugghia 
  (diMaus) 
  ■: 
  Shows 
  the 
  normal 
  structure 
  tor 
  an 
  ordinary 
  plume 
  

   pupa, 
  i.e., 
  it 
  is 
  fixed 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  way 
  by 
  a 
  ventral 
  and 
  terminal 
  eremastor.'and 
  has 
  

   no 
  arrangement 
  for 
  movement, 
  nor 
  any 
  other 
  tor 
  fixation. 
  It 
  has 
  what 
  (following 
  

  

  * 
  Zeller 
  observes 
  that 
  Mann's 
  pilosellae, 
  from 
  Tuscany, 
  appears 
  to 
  present 
  no 
  

   difference 
  from 
  hieracii. 
  

  

  