﻿458 
  BRITISH 
  LEPIDOPTEEA. 
  

  

  were 
  found 
  to 
  contain 
  very 
  strong 
  confirmatory 
  evidence 
  (Chapman). 
  

   Zeller 
  observes 
  {Linn. 
  Ent., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  345) 
  that 
  "distans 
  is 
  the 
  

   largest 
  species 
  in 
  this 
  section, 
  approaching 
  in 
  colour 
  P. 
  pilosellae, 
  

   but, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  with 
  a 
  greater 
  admixture 
  of 
  grey. 
  This 
  is 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  few 
  examples 
  caught 
  near 
  Glogau, 
  and 
  

   solitary 
  specimens 
  from 
  Dalmatia 
  and 
  Syracuse. 
  In 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  

   examples 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  grey 
  is 
  very 
  insignificant, 
  except 
  in 
  a 
  

   $ 
  from 
  Macri, 
  and 
  consequently 
  the 
  colouring 
  is 
  a 
  trifle 
  lighter 
  and 
  

   less 
  vivid 
  than 
  in 
  P. 
  pilosellae. 
  The 
  white 
  bent 
  line 
  in 
  the 
  fringe 
  of 
  

   the 
  hindmargin 
  at 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  is 
  very 
  distinct, 
  and 
  presents 
  a 
  good 
  

   mark 
  of 
  distinction 
  from 
  P. 
  tristis. 
  The 
  intensity 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  scale- 
  

   tuft, 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing, 
  varies, 
  and 
  

   hence 
  also 
  does 
  its 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  plumule." 
  Staudinger 
  

   writes 
  (Hor. 
  Soe. 
  Ent. 
  Ross., 
  xv., 
  pp. 
  425-7) 
  that 
  he 
  refers 
  " 
  a 
  $ 
  caught 
  

   May 
  14th 
  in 
  the 
  Kerasdere, 
  and 
  a 
  £ 
  captured 
  May 
  19th 
  in 
  the 
  

   Tschirtschur 
  Valley, 
  to 
  distans, 
  although 
  Wocke 
  looked 
  on 
  the 
  latter 
  as 
  

   laetus, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  right, 
  as 
  laetus 
  is 
  a 
  smaller, 
  paler 
  (more 
  yellow, 
  

   lighter), 
  southern 
  form 
  of 
  distans/'' 
  Mann, 
  too, 
  notes 
  that 
  distans 
  is 
  to 
  

   be 
  found 
  in 
  June, 
  near 
  Amasia, 
  and 
  in 
  May, 
  near 
  Brussa. 
  It 
  appears 
  

   to 
  me 
  that 
  laetus 
  is, 
  in 
  the 
  south, 
  the 
  later 
  brood 
  of 
  distans*, 
  as 
  examples 
  

   caught 
  by 
  myself 
  near 
  Granada,! 
  in 
  April 
  and 
  May, 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  

   separated 
  from 
  the 
  German 
  distans, 
  whilst, 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September, 
  

   I 
  caught, 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  place, 
  typical 
  small 
  laetus, 
  which 
  possibly 
  was 
  

   even 
  a 
  third 
  brood, 
  as 
  I 
  found, 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  June, 
  typical 
  

   laetus, 
  also 
  near 
  Granada. 
  Zeller, 
  too, 
  caught 
  his 
  examples 
  from 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  June 
  right 
  into 
  August, 
  in 
  Italy, 
  and 
  Loew, 
  in 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  

   captured 
  some 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  November 
  {Isis, 
  1847, 
  p. 
  903), 
  near 
  

   Attalia, 
  Addionas, 
  and 
  Kellemisch. 
  These 
  laetus, 
  Zeller 
  mentions, 
  in 
  

   his 
  note 
  on 
  Loew's 
  captures 
  (Isis, 
  1847, 
  p. 
  38), 
  as 
  tristis 
  var., 
  but, 
  in 
  his 
  

   list 
  of 
  Sicilian 
  insects 
  (op. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  903), 
  he 
  refers 
  them 
  to 
  laetus, 
  whilst 
  

   as 
  he 
  does 
  not 
  notice 
  in 
  his 
  monograph 
  (Linn. 
  Ent., 
  vi., 
  p. 
  345) 
  that 
  

   tristis 
  occurs 
  in 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  but 
  does 
  observe 
  that 
  distans 
  was 
  caught 
  

   by 
  Loew 
  near 
  Macri 
  and 
  Kellemisch, 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  logical 
  t*o 
  suppose 
  that 
  

   he 
  finally 
  concluded 
  that 
  the 
  specimens 
  from 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  at 
  first 
  

   supposed 
  to 
  be 
  tristis, 
  were 
  distans 
  and 
  laetus. 
  Johann 
  sent 
  me 
  later 
  

   several 
  very 
  typical 
  laetus, 
  from 
  Amasia, 
  unfortunately 
  without 
  dates, 
  

   but 
  I 
  suspect 
  they 
  were 
  autumnal 
  captures. 
  Mann, 
  of 
  course, 
  

   mentions 
  that 
  laetus 
  and 
  distans 
  were 
  caught 
  together 
  in 
  May, 
  near 
  

   Brussa. 
  I 
  also 
  received, 
  from 
  Kriiper, 
  nearly 
  typical 
  laetus, 
  captured 
  

   as 
  early 
  as 
  April 
  24th, 
  near 
  Smyrna, 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  why 
  I 
  mention 
  here 
  

   that 
  laetus 
  may 
  be 
  specifically 
  distinct 
  from 
  distans, 
  although 
  I 
  possess 
  

   all 
  intermediates 
  imaginable 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  forms]: 
  . 
  Lederer 
  notes 
  

   laetus 
  caught 
  on 
  the 
  mountain 
  slopes 
  near 
  Kis 
  Aole, 
  but 
  without 
  dates." 
  

   Herrich-Schaffer 
  observes 
  that 
  "distans 
  is 
  somewhat 
  larger 
  than 
  tristis, 
  

   and 
  has 
  the 
  colour 
  of 
  obscurus, 
  differing, 
  however, 
  from 
  the 
  latter 
  in 
  

   the 
  scale-tuft, 
  which 
  is 
  placed 
  further 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  apex 
  on 
  the 
  3rd 
  

   plumule. 
  The 
  fringes 
  of 
  the 
  cleft 
  of 
  the 
  forewings 
  are, 
  at 
  the 
  apical 
  

   half, 
  sharply 
  white 
  basally, 
  with 
  the 
  black 
  longitudinal 
  streaks 
  as 
  in 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  we 
  have 
  now 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  incorrect, 
  the 
  species 
  being 
  absolutely 
  

   distinct 
  in 
  every 
  stage. 
  

  

  f 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  clear 
  from 
  the 
  specimens 
  in 
  the 
  Walsingham 
  collection 
  that 
  

   laetus 
  occurs 
  at 
  Granada, 
  on 
  Andryala 
  ; 
  one 
  is 
  inclined, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  suspect 
  that 
  

   Staudinger' 
  s 
  distans 
  taken 
  here 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  laetus. 
  

  

  I 
  This 
  sentence 
  shows 
  that 
  Staudinger's 
  instinct 
  was 
  right 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  

   apparent 
  opposition 
  presented 
  by 
  the 
  facts. 
  

  

  