﻿464 
  BRITISHJLEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  moth 
  from 
  Tangier 
  has 
  a 
  nearly 
  identical 
  pupa, 
  which 
  is, 
  however, 
  

   deep 
  black, 
  and 
  very 
  solid-looking. 
  This 
  does 
  not 
  prevent 
  them 
  being 
  

   the 
  same 
  species. 
  The 
  Granada 
  insect 
  is 
  certainly 
  laetus 
  (Chapman).] 
  

   Time 
  of 
  appeaeance. 
  — 
  The 
  species 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  double-brooded 
  

   throughout 
  most 
  of 
  its 
  range, 
  although, 
  probably, 
  in 
  the 
  higher 
  moun- 
  

   tains 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  single-brooded. 
  In 
  England, 
  it 
  is 
  generally 
  said 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  

   late 
  May 
  and 
  early 
  June, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  July 
  and 
  August, 
  but 
  we 
  have 
  taken 
  

   it, 
  in 
  different 
  years, 
  apparently 
  continuously 
  from 
  June 
  to 
  August, 
  at 
  

   Deal, 
  and 
  Warren 
  says 
  that, 
  at 
  Tuddenham, 
  it 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  in 
  June 
  

   and 
  August, 
  but 
  whether 
  as 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  emergences, 
  or 
  two 
  distinct 
  

   broods, 
  he 
  would 
  not 
  like 
  to 
  say. 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  double-brooded, 
  

   however, 
  appears 
  certain, 
  for 
  Hering 
  says 
  that 
  it 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  June, 
  that 
  the 
  larva3 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  generation 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  

   at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  beginning 
  of 
  July 
  in 
  the 
  Park 
  of 
  Hohenkrug, 
  that 
  

   these 
  pupate 
  in 
  due 
  course, 
  and 
  the 
  imagines 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  emerge 
  

   in 
  about 
  ten 
  days. 
  In 
  Switzerland. 
  Zeller 
  found 
  the 
  insect 
  at 
  Bergun, 
  

   from 
  June 
  28th 
  throughout 
  July 
  1871, 
  1873, 
  1875. 
  In 
  Pomerania 
  it 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  May- 
  June, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  August 
  (Paul 
  andPlotz) 
  ; 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  

   mid- 
  June, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  in 
  the 
  Salzthal 
  district 
  (Rossler); 
  

   the 
  same 
  periods, 
  May- 
  June 
  and 
  then 
  August, 
  are 
  given 
  for 
  Branden- 
  

   burg 
  (Pfiitzner), 
  for 
  Saxon 
  Upper 
  Lusatia 
  (Schiitze), 
  etc.; 
  whilst 
  June 
  

   is 
  given 
  for 
  the 
  lowlands 
  of 
  Silesia 
  (but 
  a 
  single 
  specimen 
  in 
  early 
  July, 
  

   at 
  Oswitz) 
  (Wocke), 
  and 
  June 
  alone 
  is 
  noted 
  for 
  Baden 
  (Meess 
  and 
  

   Spuler). 
  Mann 
  look 
  it 
  in 
  June 
  on 
  the 
  pastures 
  near 
  Spalato, 
  in 
  

   Dalmatia. 
  Rebel 
  records 
  it 
  from 
  Radobolje, 
  in 
  Bosnia, 
  on 
  July 
  

   19th, 
  1898, 
  from 
  Lastva, 
  on 
  August 
  20th, 
  1903 
  ; 
  he 
  also 
  

   captured 
  an 
  example 
  on 
  the 
  Calvarienberge 
  near 
  Bozen, 
  on 
  July 
  28th, 
  

   1892, 
  and 
  Frey 
  notes 
  it 
  in 
  early 
  August 
  on 
  the 
  Alp 
  Murailg, 
  near 
  

   Samaden, 
  at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  6772ft. 
  The 
  earliest 
  dates 
  we 
  have 
  are 
  

   April 
  28th, 
  1905, 
  at 
  Hyeres, 
  May 
  4th, 
  1905, 
  at 
  Draguignan 
  (Tutt) 
  

   (the 
  former 
  the 
  same 
  date, 
  April 
  28th, 
  but 
  in 
  1870, 
  that 
  Blackmore 
  

   records 
  laetus 
  as 
  having 
  occurred 
  in 
  northwest 
  Morocco), 
  

   and 
  May 
  29th, 
  1869, 
  at 
  M^seritz 
  (Zeller). 
  In 
  the 
  Baltic 
  

   Provinces 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  in 
  July, 
  at 
  Dubbeln 
  (Teich). 
  In 
  

   Roumania 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  June 
  (Caradja). 
  In 
  France, 
  in 
  May, 
  and 
  again 
  

   in 
  August 
  in 
  dept. 
  Saone-et-Loire 
  (Constant) 
  ; 
  whilst 
  we 
  found 
  it 
  

   flying 
  fairly 
  freely 
  on 
  the 
  morning 
  of 
  August 
  1st, 
  1897, 
  near 
  St. 
  

   Michel-de-Maurienne, 
  in 
  the 
  Dauphiny 
  Alps, 
  and 
  saw 
  other 
  specimens 
  

   daily 
  between 
  then 
  and 
  the 
  5th 
  (Tutt) 
  ; 
  Sand 
  notes 
  it 
  as 
  occurring 
  

   in 
  July 
  on 
  Mont 
  Dore. 
  In 
  Belgium, 
  the 
  early 
  brood 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  noted, 
  but 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  occurred 
  on 
  July 
  24th, 
  1901, 
  

   and 
  was 
  very 
  abundant 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July, 
  1902, 
  at 
  Goq-sur-Mer 
  

   (Crombrugghe). 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  only 
  the 
  spring 
  brood 
  has 
  been 
  

   noted 
  around 
  Brussa, 
  specimens 
  having 
  been 
  taken 
  in 
  May 
  (Mann). 
  

   British 
  records. 
  — 
  First 
  brood: 
  June 
  4th, 
  1870, 
  June 
  13th-30th, 
  

   1871, 
  at 
  Brandon 
  (Barrett) 
  ; 
  June 
  13th, 
  1885, 
  at 
  Brandon, 
  abundant 
  

   June 
  19th-22nd, 
  1885, 
  and 
  in 
  profusion 
  June, 
  1886, 
  at 
  Tuddenham 
  

   (Warren) 
  ; 
  June 
  8th, 
  1889, 
  between 
  Dover 
  and 
  St. 
  Margaret's 
  Bay 
  

   (Purdey); 
  June 
  16th, 
  1898, 
  near 
  Tuddenham 
  (N. 
  C. 
  Rothschild); 
  June 
  2nd, 
  

   1897, 
  at 
  Tuddenham 
  (Burrows). 
  Doubtful 
  first 
  or 
  second 
  brood 
  : 
  Eight 
  

   examples 
  on 
  Julv 
  4th, 
  1885 
  ; 
  July 
  9th, 
  1887 
  ; 
  June 
  29th, 
  1888 
  ; 
  

   July 
  6th, 
  1889 
  ; 
  July 
  7th, 
  1891, 
  on 
  the 
  Deal 
  sandhills 
  (Tutt). 
  Second 
  

   brood 
  : 
  Late 
  July, 
  1868, 
  near 
  Thetford 
  (Walsingham) 
  ; 
  early 
  August, 
  

   1871, 
  at 
  Brandon 
  (Barrett) 
  ; 
  July 
  26th, 
  1878, 
  near 
  Brandon 
  (Bower); 
  

  

  