﻿468 
  EEITISH 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  a. 
  With 
  a 
  broad 
  white 
  dash 
  at 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  

  

  lobe 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  teucrii, 
  Greening. 
  

  

  b. 
  With 
  a 
  very 
  narrow 
  white 
  dash 
  at 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  lower 
  lobe 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  var. 
  celeusi, 
  Frey. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  black 
  scaling 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  feather 
  compressed, 
  without 
  any 
  

   white 
  interruption 
  before 
  the 
  apex 
  . 
  . 
  leonuri, 
  Stange. 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  differences, 
  however, 
  are 
  exhibited 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  and 
  pupal 
  

   stages. 
  In 
  the 
  larva 
  there 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  well-developed 
  tubercular 
  

   warts 
  of 
  almost 
  Arctiid 
  type, 
  whilst 
  the 
  pupa 
  also 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  well 
  

   supplied 
  with 
  hairs. 
  The 
  general 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  Capperiids 
  has 
  

   already 
  been 
  dealt 
  with 
  at 
  length 
  (anted, 
  pp. 
  409-411). 
  The 
  following- 
  

   details, 
  however, 
  may 
  here 
  be 
  noted. 
  Comparing 
  the 
  larva? 
  of 
  the 
  

   Oxyptilids 
  (as 
  exemplified 
  by 
  parvidactyla) 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Capperiids 
  

   (as 
  represented 
  by 
  heterodactyla), 
  Chapman 
  notes 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  1. 
  Oxyptilus 
  (parvidactyla) 
  : 
  Quite 
  internal 
  feeder, 
  living 
  in 
  heart 
  of 
  food- 
  

   plant, 
  eating 
  central 
  bud, 
  and 
  boring 
  down 
  to 
  root. 
  Larva 
  looks 
  bare 
  and 
  fleshy 
  ; 
  

   has 
  no 
  secondary 
  hairs* 
  ; 
  tbe 
  prothoracic 
  plate 
  has 
  only 
  tbe 
  normal 
  six 
  primary 
  

   hairs 
  ; 
  posterior 
  thoracic 
  dorsal 
  tubercles 
  absent 
  on 
  mesothorax 
  ; 
  each 
  tubercle 
  

   carries 
  a 
  single 
  seta 
  ; 
  i 
  and 
  ii 
  are 
  near, 
  but 
  quite 
  separate 
  ; 
  skin-points 
  sharply 
  

   pointed 
  ; 
  hooks 
  of 
  prolegs 
  small, 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  present 
  (rarely 
  one 
  or 
  four) 
  ; 
  pale 
  

   spot 
  (and 
  others) 
  on 
  prothoracic 
  plate. 
  

  

  2. 
  Capperia 
  (heterodactyla) 
  : 
  External 
  feeder. 
  Larva 
  hairy 
  ; 
  abundant 
  

   secondary 
  hairs, 
  broad 
  at 
  tips 
  ; 
  prothoracic 
  plate 
  with 
  abundant 
  secondary 
  hairs 
  

   obscuring 
  the 
  six 
  usual 
  primaries, 
  which 
  are, 
  however, 
  present 
  ; 
  posterior 
  thoracic 
  

   dorsal 
  tubercles 
  present 
  on 
  mesothorax 
  ; 
  each 
  tubercle 
  a 
  many-haired 
  wart 
  ; 
  i 
  and 
  

   ii 
  fused 
  into 
  one 
  large 
  wart 
  ; 
  skin-points 
  blunt 
  ; 
  hooks 
  of 
  prolegs 
  well-developed, 
  

   four 
  or 
  five 
  hooks 
  ; 
  no 
  spot 
  on 
  prothoracic 
  plate. 
  

  

  He 
  also 
  notes 
  (in 
  litt.) 
  the 
  connection 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  didactylus, 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  species 
  referred 
  to 
  this 
  group, 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  various 
  allied 
  groups. 
  

   He 
  observes 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  few 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupa? 
  he 
  has 
  examined 
  agree 
  

   with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Marasmarchids 
  and 
  Amblyptiliids 
  in 
  possessing 
  the 
  

   spinous 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  conjoined 
  tubercles 
  i 
  and 
  ii. 
  

   A 
  pupa 
  of 
  didactylus 
  presents 
  nothing 
  very 
  decided 
  to 
  mark 
  it 
  off 
  

   strongly 
  from 
  Amblyptilia. 
  The 
  most 
  definite 
  point, 
  that 
  distinguishes 
  

   an 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupa 
  from 
  Amblyptiliid 
  and 
  Marasmarchid 
  pupa?, 
  is 
  that 
  

   the 
  halbert-shaped 
  spine 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  has, 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  

   last-named, 
  its 
  front 
  spine 
  developed, 
  wrinkled, 
  twisted, 
  and 
  curved, 
  so 
  as 
  

   to 
  have 
  well-deserved 
  the 
  description 
  of 
  halbert-shaped, 
  whilst, 
  in 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  Oxyptilines, 
  this 
  front 
  spine, 
  though 
  usually 
  larger 
  than 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  

   others, 
  is 
  fairly 
  simple, 
  smooth, 
  and 
  straight. 
  In 
  the 
  Marasmarchid 
  pupa, 
  

   and 
  in 
  those 
  of 
  some 
  Oxyptilids, 
  are 
  other 
  processes 
  that 
  occur 
  in 
  no 
  other 
  

   "plume" 
  pupa? 
  in 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  looked 
  for 
  them 
  (although 
  certain 
  

   secondary 
  hairs 
  occupy 
  a 
  similar 
  situation 
  mAlucita 
  pentadactyla, 
  etc.). 
  

   These 
  are 
  spines, 
  or 
  prominences, 
  on 
  a 
  transverse 
  ridge 
  connecting 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  spines, 
  and 
  are, 
  therefore, 
  internal 
  (or 
  dorsad) 
  to 
  these 
  spines 
  ; 
  

   of 
  these 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  dorsal 
  or 
  central 
  one, 
  and 
  an 
  outer 
  or 
  paired 
  one, 
  

   i.e., 
  one. 
  on 
  each 
  side, 
  halfway 
  between 
  the 
  dorsal 
  line 
  and 
  the 
  i 
  + 
  ii 
  

   spines. 
  The 
  Amblyptiliid 
  pupa 
  shows 
  no 
  traces 
  of 
  these 
  spines, 
  but, 
  in 
  

   the 
  Marasmarchid 
  pupa, 
  both 
  the 
  median 
  and 
  outer 
  set 
  are 
  developed. 
  

   There 
  is 
  another 
  difference 
  between 
  the 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupa? 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  other 
  two 
  groups, 
  viz., 
  that, 
  in 
  them, 
  the 
  hair, 
  marking 
  tubercle 
  i, 
  

   arises 
  well 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  spine, 
  leaving 
  one 
  in 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  spine 
  is 
  a 
  

   development 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tubercle, 
  but, 
  in 
  the 
  Oxyptilid 
  pupa?, 
  the 
  

   hair 
  arises 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  spines, 
  so 
  that 
  one 
  might 
  assert 
  that 
  

  

  * 
  British 
  larvae 
  show 
  no 
  secondary 
  hairs 
  ; 
  a 
  larva 
  from 
  south 
  France 
  (Ste. 
  

   Maxime), 
  that 
  produced 
  an 
  imago 
  quite 
  inseparable 
  from 
  0. 
  parvidactyla, 
  had 
  a 
  

   good 
  many 
  secondary 
  skin-hairs, 
  but 
  none 
  on 
  the 
  tubercles 
  (Chapman). 
  

  

  