﻿CAPPERIA 
  HETERODACTYLA. 
  473 
  

  

  In 
  size 
  they 
  sometimes 
  approach 
  hieraeii, 
  but 
  are 
  usually 
  smaller, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  grey 
  

   hue 
  of 
  tristis, 
  although, 
  in 
  other 
  respects, 
  they 
  agree 
  with 
  obseurus, 
  yet 
  are 
  distin- 
  

   guished 
  therefrom 
  by 
  the 
  black 
  edging 
  oi 
  all 
  the 
  white 
  markings 
  towards 
  the 
  body. 
  

   The 
  scale-tuft 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  is 
  larger 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  obseurus, 
  and 
  extends 
  on 
  

   either 
  side." 
  Under 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  parvidactylus, 
  Haw. 
  (obseurus, 
  Zell.), 
  Rossler 
  also 
  

   writes 
  (op. 
  eit., 
  p. 
  222): 
  " 
  Two 
  of 
  my 
  specimens 
  are 
  larger, 
  have 
  longer 
  3rd 
  plumules, 
  

   and 
  have 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  plumule 
  of 
  the 
  hindwings 
  isolated 
  from 
  the 
  large 
  

   scale-tuft 
  by 
  white 
  ; 
  the 
  white 
  transverse 
  lines, 
  also, 
  of 
  these 
  specimens, 
  on 
  the 
  

   inner 
  side 
  are 
  edged 
  with 
  black, 
  as 
  in 
  Herrich-Schaffer's 
  figure 
  of 
  marginellus 
  ; 
  as 
  

   they 
  were 
  caught 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  Teuerium 
  seorodonia, 
  they 
  may 
  probably 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  

   new 
  species 
  not 
  yet 
  described, 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  by 
  Schmid 
  near 
  

   Regensburg, 
  on 
  Teuerium, 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  English 
  species 
  teuerii, 
  which 
  is 
  unknown 
  to 
  

   me 
  in 
  the 
  imago 
  state, 
  etc." 
  Hence 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  that 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  parvidactylus 
  

   group 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  Rossler 
  and 
  myself 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  period 
  of 
  time. 
  

   The 
  best 
  distinction 
  from 
  parvidactylus, 
  to 
  which 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  nearest 
  related, 
  is 
  

   given 
  in 
  Rbssler's 
  Catalogue, 
  viz., 
  its 
  grey 
  colour, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  agrees 
  with 
  0. 
  tristis. 
  

   Unfortunately, 
  this 
  fact 
  has 
  been 
  ignored, 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  has 
  been 
  referred 
  to 
  

   teuerii, 
  a 
  species 
  that 
  not 
  only 
  occurs 
  in 
  England, 
  but 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  by 
  Reutti, 
  and 
  

   other 
  collectors 
  of 
  micro-lepidoptera, 
  in 
  Carlsruhe 
  and 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  diichy 
  of 
  

   Baden. 
  Comparing 
  our 
  insect 
  with 
  two 
  Baden 
  specimens 
  of 
  teuerii 
  sent 
  by 
  Hering, 
  

   it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  the 
  same, 
  as 
  teuerii 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  darker 
  than 
  loranus, 
  as 
  

   Bang-Haas 
  pointed 
  out 
  when 
  I 
  sent 
  him 
  two 
  for 
  expert 
  opinion, 
  but 
  shows 
  decidedly 
  

   the 
  red-brown 
  tint 
  of 
  parvidactyla, 
  which 
  loranus 
  does 
  not 
  show 
  ; 
  besides, 
  teuerii 
  is 
  

   larger. 
  Therefore, 
  the 
  characters 
  quoted 
  as 
  most 
  important 
  in 
  Rossler's 
  Catalogue, 
  

   must 
  be 
  insisted 
  on, 
  viz., 
  that 
  loranus, 
  with 
  all 
  its 
  undeniable 
  relationship 
  to 
  parvi- 
  

   dactylus, 
  has 
  always 
  the 
  normal 
  grey 
  colouring 
  of 
  tristis 
  without 
  the 
  admixture 
  of 
  

   red-brown. 
  The 
  transverse 
  lobal 
  lines 
  are 
  never 
  pure 
  white, 
  but 
  yellowish, 
  so 
  that 
  

   tliey 
  do 
  not 
  contrast 
  with 
  the 
  light 
  ground 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  wing, 
  as 
  in 
  parvidactylus. 
  

   The 
  black 
  edging 
  towards 
  the 
  base, 
  of 
  which 
  Rossler 
  speaks, 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  see 
  in 
  my 
  

   specimens, 
  so 
  that 
  this 
  point 
  is 
  not 
  decisive. 
  The 
  size, 
  too, 
  does 
  not 
  suffice 
  for 
  

   distinction, 
  as 
  it 
  varies. 
  Un 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  biological 
  dis- 
  

   tinction 
  of 
  which 
  Rossler 
  was 
  not 
  aware, 
  viz., 
  that 
  in 
  1893" 
  :;: 
  " 
  loranus 
  was 
  double- 
  

   brooded, 
  occurring 
  first 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May, 
  and 
  again 
  abundantly 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  August, 
  whereas, 
  of 
  0. 
  parvidactijlus, 
  I 
  only 
  found 
  on 
  August 
  18th, 
  1893, 
  one 
  ¥ 
  , 
  

   which 
  had 
  developed 
  rapidly 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  summer 
  heat 
  ; 
  the 
  irregularity 
  of 
  its 
  

   development 
  giving 
  it 
  a 
  marked 
  appearance 
  of 
  being 
  dwarfed 
  ; 
  the 
  August 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  of 
  loranus, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  ure 
  in 
  no 
  wise 
  inferior 
  in 
  size 
  to 
  those 
  caught 
  

   in 
  May. 
  Of 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  loranus, 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  Wiesbaden 
  district, 
  nothing 
  definite 
  

   can 
  be 
  stated, 
  as 
  Rossler, 
  in 
  his 
  statements 
  already 
  quoted, 
  speaks 
  only 
  of 
  two 
  

   examples 
  in 
  his 
  collection. 
  That 
  Rossler 
  caught 
  this 
  species 
  near 
  Lorch-on-the- 
  

   Rhine, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  me, 
  1 
  learned 
  from 
  him 
  personally 
  ; 
  later 
  he 
  must 
  

   have 
  had 
  his 
  doubts 
  about 
  their 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  as 
  the 
  specimens 
  he 
  

   took 
  in 
  the 
  I'ennelbach 
  Valley. 
  At 
  present 
  it 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  said 
  that 
  U. 
  loranus 
  is 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  Rhone 
  Valley 
  from 
  Lorch 
  downwards 
  (Fucks). 
  

  

  Hofmann 
  (Dentsch, 
  Pter., 
  p. 
  1.17) 
  says 
  that 
  he 
  cannot 
  separate 
  

   loranus 
  from 
  heterodactyla 
  ; 
  the 
  slender 
  palpi 
  without 
  rough 
  scaling 
  at 
  

   the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  2nd 
  joint, 
  the 
  broad 
  white 
  dash 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  marginal 
  

   fringes 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lobe, 
  and 
  the 
  black 
  scale-tufts 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  

   plumule, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  dark 
  apices 
  are 
  cut 
  off 
  like 
  a 
  little 
  " 
  knob 
  from 
  

   the 
  larger 
  dark 
  parts 
  by 
  white," 
  as 
  mentioned 
  by 
  I\oes.-ler 
  (Schitppenjl., 
  

   p. 
  222), 
  and 
  the 
  quite 
  similar 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  genitalia, 
  

   decidedly 
  point 
  to 
  its 
  place 
  here 
  ; 
  the 
  darker, 
  more 
  grey 
  coloration, 
  

   and 
  the 
  smaller 
  size, 
  cannot 
  be 
  made 
  the 
  foundation 
  of 
  a 
  specific 
  

   distinction. 
  0. 
  jmrcidactylus, 
  with 
  which 
  Fuehs 
  compares 
  it, 
  belongs, 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  palpi 
  and 
  male 
  genitalia, 
  to 
  quite 
  

   another 
  group. 
  Fuehs 
  took 
  objection 
  [Stett. 
  Ent. 
  /.to.. 
  lb 
  ( 
  J7, 
  p. 
  8tfb) 
  

   to 
  this, 
  and 
  complained 
  that 
  Hofmann 
  was 
  wrong 
  in 
  uniting 
  loranus 
  

  

  : 
  lu 
  the 
  marvellous 
  summer 
  of 
  IS'.);'., 
  both 
  in 
  Britain 
  and 
  Central 
  Europe, 
  

   very 
  many 
  usually 
  single-brooded 
  species 
  were 
  double-broodedt 
  

  

  